Evidence for plasmid-encoded virulence factors in the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382

Meletzus, Dietmar; Bermphol, A; Dreier, Jens; Eichenlaub, Rudolf

doi:10.1128/jb.175.7.2131-2136.1993

Cited by 112 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Endophytic growth of certain Cmm strains, without the appearance of disease symptoms, indicated that there is an active enzymatic or other activity that leads to the formation of symptoms (Bermpohl et al, 1996). This was also confirmed by the finding that genes encoded by the endogenous plasmids pCM1 and pCM2 are important virulence determinants (Meletzus et al, 1993). One of these genes, celA, is located on the pCM1 plasmid and encodes a secreted cellulase with endo-b-1,4 glucanase activity (Jahr et al, 2000).…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

“…As shown in Figure 5A, in Nr plants the development of wilt symptoms was significantly delayed as compared with wild-type plants. The wilting index, which was defined elsewhere as the number of days after infection at which 50% of the plants displayed the first wilt symptoms (Meletzus et al, 1993), was 9 d for wild-type plants and 15 d for the Nr mutant. Similar results were obtained by comparing the development of disease symptoms in the Nr mutant in the Pearson background with that in wild-type plants (data not shown).…”

Section: Impaired Perception and Synthesis Of Ethylene Delay The Devementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The susceptibility of the various tomato lines to Cmm was estimated by daily monitoring of the appearance of wilt symptoms in a group of at least 30 infected plants, over a period of up to 20 d. For a quantitative estimation of susceptibility to Cmm, a wilting index, defined as the number of days required until 50% of the plants showed first wilt symptoms, was determined as described elsewhere (Meletzus et al, 1993 …”

Section: Estimation Of Plant Susceptibility To Cmmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomato Transcriptional Changes in Response toClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensisReveal a Role for Ethylene in Disease Development

et al. 2008

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a gram-positive actinomycete, causing bacterial wilt and canker disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Host responses to gram-positive bacteria and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of disease symptoms caused by Cmm in tomato are largely unexplored. To investigate plant responses activated during this compatible interaction, we used microarray analysis to monitor changes in host gene expression during disease development. This analysis was performed at 4 d postinoculation, when bacteria were actively multiplying and no wilt symptoms were yet visible; and at 8 d postinoculation, when bacterial growth approached saturation and typical wilt symptoms were observed. Of the 9,254 tomato genes represented on the array, 122 were differentially expressed in Cmminfected plants, compared with mock-inoculated plants. Functional classification of Cmm-responsive genes revealed that Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host, including induction of defense-related genes, production and scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover, and hormone synthesis. Cmm infection also induced a subset of host genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response. After inoculation with Cmm, Never ripe (Nr) mutant plants, impaired in ethylene perception, and transgenic plants with reduced ethylene synthesis showed significant delay in the appearance of wilt symptoms, compared with wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was a specific effect of ethylene insensitivity, and was not due to altered expression of defense-related genes, reduced bacterial populations, or decreased ethylene synthesis. Taken together, our results indicate that host-derived ethylene plays an important role in regulation of the tomato susceptible response to Cmm.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Impaired Perception and Synthesis Of Ethylene Delay The Devementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Plant Susceptibility To Cmmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomato Transcriptional Changes in Response toClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensisReveal a Role for Ethylene in Disease Development

et al. 2008

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“…bacterial wilt carry one of the factors causing wilting plant is the production of exopolysaccharides (Kiraly et al1997) which are responsible for the wilting symptoms caused by Cmm either by plugging xylem vessels or through a phytotoxic effect (Jahr et al, 1999) as well as some extracellular enzymes such as endocellulase (Meletzus et al, 1993), pectinmethylesterase (Strider, 1969), xylanase (Beimen et al, 1992), hydralase (Benhamou, 1991). The wilt symptoms caused by C. michiganensis subsp.…”

Section: Ajidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Bacterium Tomato Stem Canker

Shaker¹

2014

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Diseased tomato samples were collected from green house was evaluated for isolation, pathogenicity and biochemical tests. The symptoms of the infected tomato plants were as sudden wilting after curled on leaves and necrotic streak regions developed at the crown and base of the stem and the cavities deepen and expand up and down, brown discoloration and necrosis occurring on xylem and phloem vasculer. All of ages of tomato plant were susceptible to bacteria when the weather condition favorable and immediately, seen collapse symptom on tomato plant at once fail and die. The bacterium was isolated from diseased plant in all regions on nutrient Agar; a yellow bacterium was isolated from infected tomato plant in green houses and fields in Abu-Ghraib, Rashiedia and Qanat Al-Geiaysh nurseries in Baghdad provinces of Iraq. The bacterium was found gram positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and capable an aerobic growth and based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that this bacterium belongs to: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. (smith) pathogenicity and hypersensitivity of the bacterium Cmm showed the disease index were 18.33, 6.66, 16.66, 5, 0% for tomato seedlings were inoculated treatments as the wounding roots, without wounding roots, crown of the stem, petiole and control respectively.

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“…xyli with the Clavibacter/E. coli shuttle vectors pDM302 and pDM306 (Meletzus et al 1993) and pLUX19 (Mudge et al 1996) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Improved Culture Conditions For Axenic Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the molecular biology ofLeifsonia xylisubsp.xyli, causal organism of ratoon stunting disease

Brumbley

Petrasovits

Hermann

et al. 2006

Austral. Plant Pathol.

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Abstract. Twelve years ago our understanding of ratoon stunting disease (RSD) was confined almost exclusively to diagnosis of the disease and control via farm hygiene, with little understanding of the biology of the interaction between the causal agent (Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli) and the host plant sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). Since then, research has focused on developing the molecular tools to dissect L. xyli subsp. xyli, so that better control strategies can be developed to prevent losses from RSD. Within this review, we give a brief overview of the progression in research on L. xyli subsp. xyli and highlight future challenges. After a brief historical background on RSD, we discuss the development of molecular tools such as transformation and transposon mutagenesis and discuss the apparent lack of genetic diversity within the L. xyli subsp. xyli world population. We go on to discuss the sequencing of the genome of L. xyli subsp. xyli, describe the key findings and suggest some future research based on known deficiencies that will capitalise on this tremendous knowledge base to which we now have access.

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Evidence for plasmid-encoded virulence factors in the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382

Cited by 112 publications

References 26 publications

Tomato Transcriptional Changes in Response toClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensisReveal a Role for Ethylene in Disease Development

Tomato Transcriptional Changes in Response toClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensisReveal a Role for Ethylene in Disease Development

Identification of the Bacterium Tomato Stem Canker

Recent advances in the molecular biology ofLeifsonia xylisubsp.xyli, causal organism of ratoon stunting disease

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