Evidence for increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood.

Stewart‐Brown, Sarah; Haslum, Mary; Butler, N

doi:10.1136/bmj.286.6381.1855

Cited by 75 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Some countries have reported finding an increasing prevalence of diabetes in childhood in recent years. 25 In our data, the difference in incidence between the years 1975-76 and 1977-80 may also indicate such a trend but this remains to be verified in the future.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Incidence of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Israeli Children and Adolescents 0–20 Years of Age: A Retrospective Study, 1975–1980

1985

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A survey of the entire population of Israel revealed 392 newly diagnosed type I diabetic children and adolescents aged 0-20 for the period of 1975-80. The mean annual age specific incidence of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus was 3.8/10(5) for the age group 0-14 yr and 4.2/10(5) for the age group 0-20 yr. The incidence among the Jews of Ashkenazi origin was 6.8 X 10(5) and that for Jews of non-Ashkenazi origin was 4.3 X 10(5), whereas that for the Arabs was 1.2 X 10(5). The overall incidence is lower than that reported for similar populations in most European countries, the USA, Canada, and New Zealand; similar to that reported for Arabs in Kuwait; and higher than only that found in Japan. The relative importance of environmental and genetic factors in the interpopulation differences in incidence of type I diabetes remains to be established.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Incidence of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Israeli Children and Adolescents 0–20 Years of Age: A Retrospective Study, 1975–1980

1985

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“…Several studies have shown a positive relationship between type 1 diabetes and socioeconomic status [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. While small-area ecological data were used in some of these studies [9,10,12,17], only four indicated an association between socioeconomic status and type 1 diabetes at the individual level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While small-area ecological data were used in some of these studies [9,10,12,17], only four indicated an association between socioeconomic status and type 1 diabetes at the individual level. One of these was a prospective cohort study [8], which was clearly underpowered, having a loss to follow-up of nearly one-third and covering only 18 cases of type 1 diabetes. Two case-control studies in the UK and one in the USA were larger and were based on socioeconomic data from questionnaires and interviews [11,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Germany, as in other European countries, the growing social inequality among children is a serious problem [6]. Epidemiological studies on the association between social status and type 1 diabetes in children have reported conflicting results, finding positive [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], inverse [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] or no associations [26][27][28]. Likewise, the results of studies on the relation with population density and with urban versus rural areas are contradictory [10,13,14,17,19,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic conditions and type 1 diabetes in childhood in North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between childhood type 1 diabetes and socioeconomic conditions, which might provide clues to the aetiology of the disease. Materials and methodsIn an ecological study, we investigated the relationships between socioeconomic conditions and the incidence of type 1 diabetes incidence among children aged 0-14 years in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, between 1996 and 2000 at the level of the 33 districts. Incidence data were obtained from the population-based NRW diabetes register and regional socioeconomic data from official statistics. Associations were assessed by Poisson regression models and Bayesian conditionally autoregressive regression models (CAR). Results In simple Poisson regression, population density, proportion of non-German nationals in the population, measures of income, education and professional training, and deprivation scores were significantly associated with diabetes risk (p<0.01). An increase of about one interquartile range (IQR) in population density, proportion of non-German nationals or household income was associated with a 9-12% decrease in diabetes incidence. A rise of about one IQR in income ratio, measures of education and professional training, or in deprivation score (high values correspond to high deprivation) was associated with an 8-12% incidence increase. There was a significantly 'linear' increasing incidence trend across five deprivation classes (relative risk: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09). All associations were confirmed when overdispersion and spatial autocorrelation were accounted for in Poisson and CAR models. Conclusions/interpretationsThe results raise the possibility that the risk for type 1 diabetes is higher for children living in socially deprived and less densely populated areas. Subsequent investigations are necessary to verify the observed ecological relations at the individual level and to identify the causal factors behind the socioeconomic indicators. Diabetologia (2007) 50:720-728

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“…3). Although small, these prospective studies are of interest because all deaths under 11 years of age were scrutinized with particular care, and none were attributed to diabetes (43,44) .…”

Section: Rise Of Childhood Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rise of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the 20th Century

2002

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The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes increased worldwide in the closing decades of the 20th century, but the origins of this increase are poorly documented. A search through the early literature revealed a number of useful but neglected sources, particularly in Scandinavia. While these do not meet the exacting standards of more recent surveys, tentative conclusions can be drawn concerning long-term changes in the demography of the disease. Childhood type 1 diabetes was rare but well recognized before the introduction of insulin. Low incidence and prevalence rates were recorded in several countries over the period 1920 -1950, and one carefully performed study showed no change in childhood incidence over the period 1925-1955. An almost simultaneous upturn was documented in several countries around the mid-century. The overall pattern since then is one of linear increase, with evidence of a plateau in some high-incidence populations and of a catch-up phenomenon in some low-incidence areas. Steep rises in the age-group under 5 years have been recorded recently. The disease process underlying type 1 diabetes has changed over time and continues to evolve. Understanding why and how this produced the pandemic of childhood diabetes would be an important step toward reversing it. Diabetes 51:3353-3361, 2002

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Evidence for increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood.

Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the cohort of children in the Child Health and Education Study studied at age 10 was

Cited by 75 publications

References 8 publications

The Incidence of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Israeli Children and Adolescents 0–20 Years of Age: A Retrospective Study, 1975–1980

The Incidence of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Israeli Children and Adolescents 0–20 Years of Age: A Retrospective Study, 1975–1980

Socioeconomic conditions and type 1 diabetes in childhood in North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany

The Rise of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the 20th Century

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