Evidence for Heterosexual Transmission and Clinical Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Related Conditions in Lusaka, Zambia

Melbye, Mads; Bayley, Anne; Manuwele, J.K.; Clayden, S.A.; Blattner, W. A.; Tedder, Richard S.; Njelesani, Evarist; Mukelabai, K.; Bowa, F.J.; Levin, A.; Weiss, R.; Biggar, R J

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90527-1

Cited by 109 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One can speculate that this may be because the independent income, sense of greater worth, and exposure to a wider range of people and views may better enable these women to behave in selfprotective ways and reduce their reliance on a spouse for material needs. 16 Most studies in sub-Saharan Africa emphasize the importance of sexual behavior in HIV transmission and acquisition 17 . Our results suggest that intercourse frequency, engaging in oral sex, a past rape, and at least occasional condom use with the primary (which in most cases meant 'marital') partner were protective and inversely related to HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with HIV prevalence in a pre-partum cohort of Zambian women

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ongoing study of mother-to-child human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) transmission in Zambian women (n = 3160) allowed us to examine the association of medical injections with HIV serostatus while simultaneously accounting for other factors known to be correlated with HIV prevalence. Multi-method data collection included structured interviews, medical record abstraction, clinical examinations, and biological measures. Medically administered intramuscular or intravenous injections in the past five years (but not blood transfusions) were overwhelmingly correlated with HIV prevalence, exceeding the contribution of sexual behaviours in a multivariable logistic regression. Statistically significant associations with HIV also were found for some demographic variables, sexual behaviours, alcohol use, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The results confirmed that iatrogenic needle exposure, sexual behaviour, demographic factors, substance use, and STD history are all implicated in Zambian women's HIV+ status. However, the disproportionate association of medical injection history with HIV highlights the need to investigate further and prospectively the role of health-care injection in sub-Saharan Africa's HIV epidemic.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with HIV prevalence in a pre-partum cohort of Zambian women

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nearly 10% of pregnant women and 18% of normal blood donors were already HIV -infected by 1985 (Melbye et al, 1986). Wabinga et al (1993) increase in cancer incidence during the same period was nearly 50%.…”

Section: Cervical ùItraepithelial Neoplasia and Invasive Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans

1991

Analytica Chimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Os demais 20 a 25% adquirem a infecção por transfusão de sangue ou derivados e, particularmente no caso de crianças maiores e adolescentes, por via sexual ou uso de drogas endovenosas. Este percentual tem sido verificado em diversos países (Kozinetz et al, 1990;Pape et al, 1983), especialmente naqueles, como os do continente africano, onde a transmissão heterossexual predomina (Ryder et al, 1989;Melbye et al, 1986). No Brasil, até julho de 1994, verificou-se um total acumulado de 1718 casos de crianças com AIDS, dos quais 1101 (64%) ocorreram por transmissão vertical (MS, 1993).…”

Section: Epidemiologiaunclassified