Evidence for glucocorticoid-mediated hypertension after uninephrectomy

Huesler, Carina; Lauterburg, Meret; Frey, Brigitte M.; Frey, Felix J.

doi:10.1002/phy2.101

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although, uninephrectomy alone might have caused a mild increase in blood pressure and markers of oxidative stress when compared with the 8% salt and uninephrectomy untreated group, which must have exacerbated the effects in the untreated group. This assertion corroborates an earlier finding that uninephrectomy might give protection against an increase in blood pressure [1]. A previous study linked the blood pressure increases the effect of uninephrectomy to its interference with L-arginine metabolism [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The kidneys are very important organs that are involved in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure and modulation of hypertension. While uninephrectomy has been said to have less impact on human well-being, however, studies have also shown that it protects a subsequent increase in blood pressure [1]. However, a compensatory mechanism is developed in uninephrectomized animals which allow the animal to maintain normal blood pressure, in complicated events such as in high salt diet, a uninephrectomized animal develops high blood pressure in addition to increased diuresis [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats

Jayeola

Oyagbemi

Okunlola³

et al. 2020

Vet World

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Background and Aim: High salt diet and uninephrectomy are associated with high blood pressure with attendant cardiovascular disease conditions such as hypertension, renal damage, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of consumption of cocoa and cocoa-containing products in the management of high blood pressure in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods: The effect of cocoa powder on blood pressure, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology were investigated in uninephrectomized animals fed with cocoa feed alone or in combination with a high salt diet. Male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A was the control group and fed with normal feed alone, Group B was fed with cocoa feed alone, Group C was fed with high salt diet (8% salt), Group D was fed with cocoa-feed compounded with 8% salt for 4 weeks after uninephrectomy, and Group E was uninephrectomized rats on a normal diet. The left kidneys of animals in Groups C, D, and E were removed by surgery. After 4 weeks of treatment, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured. The serum markers of renal damage and oxidative stress were determined. Histological examination was also performed on renal and cardiac tissues. Results: Results showed significant increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal damage with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant status in hypertensive uninephrectomized rats. Cocoa feed, however, significantly improved blood pressure and nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant status and reduced markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: These findings show that cocoa powder could be used to maintain blood pressure levels in hypertensive rats through its antioxidant capacity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats

Jayeola

Oyagbemi

Okunlola³

et al. 2020

Vet World

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“…This was not a focus of our study and a systematic analysis of the relationship between dietary salt and HPA activity is currently lacking. Nevertheless, this positive relationship is exaggerated in both clinical and experimental models of salt-sensitive hypertension ( Liu et al, 2008 ; Usukura et al, 2009 ; Bailey et al, 2011 ; Craigie et al, 2012 ; Huesler et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal and Blood Pressure Response to a High-Salt Diet in Mice With Reduced Global Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor

et al. 2018

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Salt-sensitive hypertension is common in glucocorticoid excess. Glucocorticoid resistance also presents with hypercortisolemia and hypertension but the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure (BP) is not well defined. GRβgeo/+ mice have global glucocorticoid receptor (GR) haploinsufficiency and increased BP. Here we examined the effect of high salt diet on BP, salt excretion and renal blood flow in GRβgeo/+mice. Basal BP was ∼10 mmHg higher in male GRβgeo/+ mice than in GR+/+ littermates. This modest increase was amplified by ∼10 mmHg following a high-salt diet in GRβgeo/+ mice. High salt reduced urinary aldosterone excretion but increased renal mineralocorticoid receptor expression in both genotypes. Corticosterone, and to a lesser extent deoxycorticosterone, excretion was increased in GRβgeo/+ mice following a high-salt challenge, consistent with enhanced 24 h production. GR+/+ mice increased fractional sodium excretion and reduced renal vascular resistance during the high salt challenge, retaining neutral sodium balance. In contrast, sodium excretion and renal vascular resistance did not adapt to high salt in GRβgeo/+ mice, resulting in transient sodium retention and sustained hypertension. With high-salt diet, Slc12a3 and Scnn1a mRNAs were higher in GRβgeo/+ than controls, and this was reflected in an exaggerated natriuretic response to thiazide and benzamil, inhibitors of NCC and ENaC, respectively. Reduction in GR expression causes salt-sensitivity and an adaptive failure of the renal vasculature and tubule, most likely reflecting sustained mineralocorticoid receptor activation. This provides a mechanistic basis to understand the hypertension associated with loss-of-function polymorphisms in GR in the context of habitually high salt intake.

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“…Down regulation of 11 β-HSD2 was also linked with salt sensitive hypertension in human linkage studies and animal models [ 39 , 44 , 45 ]. Unilateral nephrectomy, in animal models, reduced 11 β-HSD2 expression within the remaining kidney and predisposed animals to a salt responsive hypertension [ 39 , 46 , 47 ]. In humans, a number of studies demonstrated a prolonged plasma half-life for cortisol in patients with CKD.…”

Section: Aldosterone Acts On Multiple Tissues and May Act Via Multipl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldosterone: Essential for Life but Damaging to the Vascular Endothelium

et al. 2023

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The renin angiotensin aldosterone system is a key regulator of blood pressure. Aldosterone is the final effector of this pathway, acting predominantly via mineralocorticoid receptors. Aldosterone facilitates the conservation of sodium and, with it, water and acts as a powerful stimulus for potassium excretion. However, evidence for the pathological impact of excess mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation is increasing. Here, we discussed how in the heart, hyperaldosteronism is associated with fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and maladaptive hypertrophy. In the kidney, aldosterone was shown to cause proteinuria and fibrosis and may contribute to the progression of kidney disease. More recently, studies suggested that aldosterone excess damaged endothelial cells. Here, we reviewed how damage to the endothelial glycocalyx may contribute to this process. The endothelial glycocalyx is a heterogenous, negatively charged layer on the luminal surface of cells. Aldosterone exposure alters this layer. The resulting structural changes reduced endothelial reactivity in response to protective shear stress, altered permeability, and increased immune cell trafficking. Finally, we reviewed current therapeutic strategies for limiting endothelial damage and suggested that preventing glycocalyx remodelling in response to aldosterone exposure may provide a novel strategy, free from the serious adverse effect of hyperkalaemia seen in response to mineralocorticoid blockade.

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Evidence for glucocorticoid-mediated hypertension after uninephrectomy

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats

Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats

Renal and Blood Pressure Response to a High-Salt Diet in Mice With Reduced Global Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor

Aldosterone: Essential for Life but Damaging to the Vascular Endothelium

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