Evidence for eosinophil recruitment, leukotriene B4 production and mast cell hyperplasia following Toxocara canis infection in rats

Carlos, Daniela; Machado, Eleuza Rodrigues; Paula, Leandro Raphael N. de.; Sá-Nunes, Anderson; Sorgi, Carlos Artério; Jamur, Maria Célia; Oliver, Constance; Lima, Wothan Tavares de; Faccioli, Lúcia Helena

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500027

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Similar to PGD2, cysLTs also bind and activate two GPCRs, CysLT1 and CysLT2g. LTB4 is secreted in small quantities by activated mast cells and has an important role in the recruitment of neutrophils, eosinophils, and effector T lymphocytes ( Goodarzi et al 2003 ; Carlos et al 2011 ). Leukotrienes function locally on the vascular endothelium by promoting rolling and recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils, which contribute to host defense against bacterial infections ( Malaviya and Abraham 2000 ; Carlos et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LTB4 is secreted in small quantities by activated mast cells and has an important role in the recruitment of neutrophils, eosinophils, and effector T lymphocytes ( Goodarzi et al 2003 ; Carlos et al 2011 ). Leukotrienes function locally on the vascular endothelium by promoting rolling and recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils, which contribute to host defense against bacterial infections ( Malaviya and Abraham 2000 ; Carlos et al 2011 ). In general, mast cell-released eicosanoids participate in the regulation of vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, the recruitment of immune effector cells, and they alter the patterns of antigen presentation ( Boyce 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mast Cell Function

Silva

Jamur

Oliver

2014

J Histochem Cytochem.

473

251

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Since first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1878, mast cells have been mostly viewed as effectors of allergy. It has been only in the past two decades that mast cells have gained recognition for their involvement in other physiological and pathological processes. Mast cells have a widespread distribution and are found predominantly at the interface between the host and the external environment. Mast cell maturation, phenotype and function are a direct consequence of the local microenvironment and have a marked influence on their ability to specifically recognize and respond to various stimuli through the release of an array of biologically active mediators. These features enable mast cells to act as both first responders in harmful situations as well as to respond to changes in their environment by communicating with a variety of other cells implicated in physiological and immunological responses. Therefore, the critical role of mast cells in both innate and adaptive immunity, including immune tolerance, has gained increased prominence. Conversely, mast cell dysfunction has pointed to these cells as the main offenders in several chronic allergic/inflammatory disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mast cell function in both normal and pathological conditions with regards to their regulation, phenotype and role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cell Function

Silva

Jamur

Oliver

2014

J Histochem Cytochem.

473

251

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“…Eosinophils are important effector cells to provoke chronic tissue inflammation in allergic disease and infection with tissue parasites [19,20]. Eosinophils are equipped with receptors to recognize and quickly respond to immune cell- or pathogen-derived molecules [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOX2-Derived ROS-Mediated Surface Translocation of BLT1 Is Essential for Exocytosis in Human Eosinophils Induced by LTB<sub>4</sub>

Min¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) is a proinflammatory lipid mediator that elicits eosinophil exocytosis, leading to allergic inflammation. However, the detailed intracellular signaling mechanisms of eosinophil exocytosis induced by LTB₄ are poorly understood. Herein, we report that NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated BLT1 migration to the cell surface is required for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB₄. Methods: Peripheral blood eosinophils were purified and stimulated for up to 60 min with LTB₄. The signaling role of NOX2-derived ROS in BLT1-dependent exocytosis in LTB₄-stimulated eosinophils was investigated. Results: Stimulating eosinophils with LTB₄ induced intracellular ROS production and surface upregulation of the exocytosis marker protein CD63 via BLT1-mediated signaling. LTB₄ induced p47^phox phosphorylation and 91^phox expression required for NOX2 activation in a BLT1-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NOX2 inhibitors, but not mitochondria inhibitor, prevented LTB₄-induced ROS generation and exocytosis. At 30 min after stimulation with LTB₄, BLT1 expression at the cell surface was upregulated. LTB₄-triggered surface upregulation of BLT1 was also blocked by inhibition of ROS generation with NOX2 inhibitors. Moreover, stimulation for 30 min with LTB₄ resulted in the interaction of BLT1 with NOX2 by immunoprecipitation. LTB₄-induced ROS generation, surface upregulation of BLT1 and exocytosis was also inhibited by pretreatment with a lipid raft disruptor, protein kinase C inhibitor, or Src kinase inhibitor. Conclusion: These results suggest that NOX2-derived ROS-mediated BLT1 trafficking to the cell surface plays a key role in the exocytosis of human eosinophils induced by LTB₄.

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“…In another study, in addition to increased eosinophil numbers, the researchers showed increased numbers of mast cells in the peritoneum, lungs, and small intestines of T. canis -infected rats. Interestingly, these animals increased the concentration of LTB 4 in the serum and this was correlated with mast cell and eosinophil accumulation and/or recruitment [109]. Thus, LTs might play an important role in eosinophilic inflammation during toxocariasis by inducing leukocytes recruitment and modulating the expression of adhesion molecules.…”

Section: 3 Leukotrienes and Helminthic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Leukotrienes on Protozoan and Helminth Infections

Rogério

Aníbal

2012

Mediators of Inflammation

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Leukotrienes (LTs), formed by the 5-lipoxygenase-(5-LO-) catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid, are lipid mediators that have potent proinflammatory activities. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of 5-LO biosynthesis in animals is associated with increased mortality and impaired clearance of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. LTs play a role in the control of helminth and protozoan infections by modulating the immune system and/or through direct cytotoxicity to parasites; however, LTs may also be associated with pathogenesis, such as in cerebral malaria and schistosomal granuloma. Interestingly, some proteins from the saliva of insect vectors that transmit protozoans and secreted protein from helminth could bind LTs and may consequently modulate the course of infection or pathogenesis. In addition, the decreased production of LTs in immunocompromised individuals might modulate the pathophysiology of helminth and protozoan infections. Herein, in this paper, we showed the immunomodulatory and pathogenic roles of LTs during the helminth and protozoan infections.

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Evidence for eosinophil recruitment, leukotriene B4 production and mast cell hyperplasia following Toxocara canis infection in rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Mast Cell Function

Mast Cell Function

NOX2-Derived ROS-Mediated Surface Translocation of BLT1 Is Essential for Exocytosis in Human Eosinophils Induced by LTB<sub>4</sub>

Role of Leukotrienes on Protozoan and Helminth Infections

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