Evidence for effects of CO<sub>2</sub> on soil solution chemistry in spodosols by a simple in‐field extractor

Kaupenjohann, Martin; David, Mark B.

doi:10.1002/jpln.1996.3581590215

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The pH values in field‐collected soil solutions obtained with the suction plates were greater than those measured in the laboratory extracts of the soil and biochar‐soil mixture (Figure , Table ). This may be explained by buffering of H 2 CO 3 in the field soil and subsequent de‐gassing of CO 2 when the soil solution is extracted with suction plates (Kaupenjohann & David, ) as described by: x‐M + H 2 CO 3 → x‐H + MOH + CO 2 ↑. As in the laboratory extracts, the pH of soil solutions of the 5% treatment was about one pH unit higher than without biochar addition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil

Wagner

Kaupenjohann

2015

European J Soil Science

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The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils contaminated by irrigation with wastewater increase with increasing mineralization of accumulated organic substance and decreasing pH. In laboratory experiments addition of biochar reduced heavy metal availability to plants and enhanced plant growth. However, literature from field trials is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment with orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) to study the effects of miscanthus-derived biochar applied to sewage field soil on biomass production and concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and various nutrients in plants and in the soil solution. Biochar was mixed into the contaminated topsoil (30 cm) with addition rates of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5% on a dry-mass basis (g 100 g −1 ). The soil solution was collected with suction plates installed at a depth of 30 cm. Addition of biochar increased biomass production and reduced Zn and Cd concentrations in the soil solution. Zinc concentrations were also reduced in plants. This effect seems to be attributable to an increase in pH caused by biochar addition. In contrast, Pb and Cu concentrations in the soil solution generally increased and were related to the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Copper concentrations also increased in the plants; however, only at the beginning of the measurement period. Our data indicate that increased concentrations of DOC, Cu and Pb in the soil solution might be a transient effect. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the long-term effect of biochar amendment on element immobilization and leaching into groundwater.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil

Wagner

Kaupenjohann

2015

European J Soil Science

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“…Since the CO 2 partial pressure of the soil air is commonly several times greater than in the atmosphere, CO 2 will be released from soil solution samples in contact with the atmosphere (Zabowski and Sletten, 1991). This increases the pH value of the sampled soil solution by about 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (Suarez, 1986, 1987; Kaupenjohann and David, 1996). The outgassing of CO 2 can be minimized in dual chamber sampling systems as proposed by Suarez (1986)…”

Section: Substance‐specific Requirements Of Solute Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Soil Water Extraction: A Review

et al. 2007

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The knowledge of the composition and fluxes of vadose zone water is essential for a wide range of scientific and practical fields, including water-use management, pesticide registration, fate of xenobiotics, monitoring of disposal from mining and industries, nutrient management of agricultural and forest ecosystems, ecology, and environmental protection. Nowadays, water and solute flow can be monitored using either in situ methods or minimally invasive geophysical measurements. In situ information, however, is necessary to interpret most geophysical data sets and to determine the chemical composition of seepage water. Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of in situ soil water extraction methods to monitor solute concentration, solute transport, and to calculate mass balances in natural soils. We distinguished six different sampling devices: porous cups, porous plates, capillary wicks, pan lysimeters, resin boxes, and lysimeters. For each of the six sampling devices we discuss the basic principles, the advantages and disadvantages, and limits of data acquisition. We also give decision guidance for the selection of the appropriate sampling system. The choice of material is addressed in terms of potential contamination, filtering, and sorption of the target substances. The information provided in this review will support scientists and professionals in optimizing their experimental set-up for meeting their specific goals.

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“…In other words, an error of as much as +0.3 pH units can occur simply by allowing loss of CO 2 from the sample by equilibration with the atmosphere." Kaupenjohann and David (1996) found that degassing carbon dioxide raised soil pH values by as much as +0.3 as well, but these experiments were conducted using contained bottles, which may not correspond to an experiment testing soils exposed to the larger atmospher or chamber with carbon dioxide. In another study by Dahlgren et al (1997), degassing carbon dioxide did not significantly affect soil pH, but a large decrease in ionic strength was observed, owing to the loss of of the HCO − 3 anion.…”

Section: Relation Of Non-standard Soil Ph Values To Standard Soil Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard and Non-Standard Measurements of Acidity and the Bacterial Ecology of Northern Temperate Mineral Soils

Braus

Whitman

2020

Preprint

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Databases of soil pH values today guide the decisions of land managers and the experimental designs of microbiologists and biogeochemists. Soil acidity underpins fundamental properties and functions in the soil, such as the solubilities of exchangeable ions and nutrients, or bacterial use of gradients of internal and external acidity to generate ATP and turn flagellar motors. Therefore, it is perhaps unsurprising that soil pH has emerged as the strongest predictor of soil bacterial community composition. However, the measurement of these particular values today does not address whether soil pH accurately represents the in situ acidity of soil microhabitats where microorganisms survive and reproduce. This study analyzes and compares soils of a large-scale natural soil pH gradient and a long-term experimental soil pH gradient for the purposes of testing new methods of measuring and interpreting soil acidity when applied to soil ecology. We extracted and prepared soil solutions using laboratory simulation of levels of carbon dioxide and soil moisture more typical of soil conditions while also miniaturizing extraction methods using a centrifuge for extractions. The simulation of in situ soil conditions resulted in significantly different estimates of soil pH. Furthermore, for soils from the long-term experimental soil pH gradient trial, the simulated soil pH values substantially improved predictions of bacterial community composition (from R2 = 0.09 to R2 = 0.16). We offer suggestions and cautions for researchers considering how to better represent soil pH as it exists in situ.

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Evidence for effects of CO₂ on soil solution chemistry in spodosols by a simple in‐field extractor

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil

Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil

In Situ Soil Water Extraction: A Review

Standard and Non-Standard Measurements of Acidity and the Bacterial Ecology of Northern Temperate Mineral Soils

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Evidence for effects of CO2 on soil solution chemistry in spodosols by a simple in‐field extractor

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil

Biochar addition enhanced growth of Dactylis glomerataL. and immobilized Zn and Cd but mobilized Cu and Pb on a former sewage field soil

In Situ Soil Water Extraction: A Review

Standard and Non-Standard Measurements of Acidity and the Bacterial Ecology of Northern Temperate Mineral Soils

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Evidence for effects of CO₂ on soil solution chemistry in spodosols by a simple in‐field extractor