Evidence for direct transmission of the cat lungworm <i>Troglostrongylus brevior</i> (Strongylida: Crenosomatidae)

Brianti, Emanuele; Gaglio, Gabriella; Napoli, Ettore; Falsone, Luigi; Giannetto, S.; Latrofa, Maria Stefanía; Giannelli, Alessio; Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1017/s0031182013000188

Cited by 66 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…21 Since 2010, however, T brevior has been described in domestic cats from several European islands (ibiza, Sicily, Sardinia, Crete), [22][23][24][25] and in central and southern Apennine regions of italy. 10,[26][27][28] This increased detection rate in domestic cats has raised questions regarding the origin and actual distribution of T brevior in felid populations.…”

Section: T Breviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of lungworm infections in cats

Traversa

Cesare

2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

134

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Practical relevance: Respiratory parasites infecting domestic cats are attracting increased attention in feline clinical practice. In addition to the most commonly recognised 'cat lungworm' Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Capillaria aerophila are now considered important pathogens of the respiratory tract of cats. Global importance: These parasites are being increasingly diagnosed in several regions of the world and a continuous update on epidemiological changes and advances in diagnosis and control is of practical importance. Aims: This article reviews current knowledge of lungworms affecting cats, with a special focus on recent insights into diagnosis and management of the diseases they cause. The article also explores some potential new avenues for control of feline parasitic respiratory diseases, and highlights some key areas requiring further research.

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Section: T Breviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of lungworm infections in cats

Traversa

Cesare

2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

134

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“…The highest rate (43.1% of 58 fecal samples) was found in Tirana area, Albania [38]. Other metastrongyloids such as Troglostrongylus brevior and Troglostrongylus subcrenatus have also been recently reported as causative agents of respiratory infestation in domestic cats in Spain and Italy [39-41]. However, information concerning the impact of this species of lungworm on feline populations is scarce and limited to a few case reports and it is currently unclear whether their occurrence in domestic cats is sporadic, neglected or underestimated [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of domestic owned cats in Europe: co-infestations and risk factors

Beugnet

Bourdeau

Chalvet‐Monfray

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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152

160

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BackgroundDomestic cats can be infested by a large range of parasite species. Parasitic infestations may cause very different clinical signs. Endoparasites and ectoparasites are rarely explored in the same study and therefore multiparasitism is poorly documented. The present survey aimed to improve knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors associated with ecto- and endoparasite infestations in owned cats in Europe.MethodsFrom March 2012 to May 2013, 1519 owned cats were included in a multicenter study conducted in 9 veterinary faculties throughout Europe (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Spain). For each cat, ectoparasites were checked by combing of the coat surface associated with otoscopic evaluation and microscopy on cerumen samples. Endoparasites were identified by standard coproscopical examinations performed on fresh faecal samples. Risk factors and their influence on parasitism were evaluated by univariate analysis followed by a multivariate statistical analysis (including center of examination, age, outdoor access, multipet status, and frequency of treatments as main criteria) with logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, 50.7% of cats resulted positive for at least one internal or one external parasite species. Ectoparasites were found in 29.6% of cats (CI95 27.3-32.0%). Otodectes cynotis was the most frequently identified species (17.4%), followed by fleas (15.5%). Endoparasites were identified in 35.1% of the cats (CI95 32.7-35.7%), including gastro-intestinal helminths in 25.7% (CI95 23.5-28.0), respiratory nematodes in 5.5% (CI95 4.2-7.0%) and protozoans in 13.5% (CI95 11.8-15.3%). Toxocara cati was the most commonly diagnosed endoparasite (19.7%, CI95 17.8-21.8%). Co-infestation with endoparasites and ectoparasites was found in 14.0% of the cats, and 11.9% harbored both ectoparasites and gastro-intestinal helminths.Age, outdoor access, living with other pets, and anthelmintic or insecticide treatments were significantly associated with the prevalence of various parasites.ConclusionsThis survey demonstrates that parasitism is not a rare event in European owned cat populations. The prevalence of multi-parasitism is significantly greater than expected by chance and hence there is tendency for some individual cats to be more prone to infestation by both endo- and ectoparasites due to common risk factors.

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“…4,5,8 Kittens and young cats seem to be particularly susceptible to infection with T brevior , and clinical signs include severe cough, respiratory distress and nasal discharge. Infection can lead to fatal respiratory failure in kittens, despite treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory distress associated with lungworm infection in a kitten

Hawley

Johnson

Traversa

et al. 2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summaryA 5-month-old feral kitten developed worsening respiratory signs, including tachypnea, coughing and wheezing after standard anthelmintic treatment with fenbendazole at a local shelter. The kitten was referred to the University of California, Davis, William R Pritchard Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for further evaluation. Thoracic radiographs revealed a severe diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern with bronchial cuffing, ill-defined nodules and lymphadenomegaly. Differentials included infectious etiologies such as toxoplasmosis, feline infectious peritonitis and cryptococcosis. Parasitic infection was considered less likely, owing to previous anthelmintic treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed marked neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, and parasitic larvae were observed in a swab of trachea mucus. PCR confirmed the larvae as Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. The kitten recovered with two more rounds of anthelmintic treatment.Relevance and novel informationParasitic pneumonia should be considered as a cause of respiratory distress in kittens and cats. Lungworm infections have been more commonly reported in free-roaming young and adult cats, but cannot be excluded as a differential diagnosis in cats from varied environments and in kittens. Kittens appear to be especially sensitive to lungworm infections, manifested by the development of more severe clinical signs; thus lungworm infection should always be considered when presented with a kitten in respiratory distress. In the absence of cytologic confirmation of infection via bronchoalveolar lavage or oropharyngeal swab, PCR provides a valuable means for identification of lungworms, such as A abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior.

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Evidence for direct transmission of the cat lungworm Troglostrongylus brevior (Strongylida: Crenosomatidae)

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

Diagnosis and management of lungworm infections in cats

Diagnosis and management of lungworm infections in cats

Parasites of domestic owned cats in Europe: co-infestations and risk factors

Respiratory distress associated with lungworm infection in a kitten

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