Evidence for alteration of fungal endophyte community assembly by host defense compounds

Saunders, Megan; Kohn, Linda M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02746.x

Cited by 118 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The literature suggests that interactions between endophytes and Warburgia secondary metabolites should to be expected as not neutral (Carter et al, 1999; Schulz and Boyle, 2005; Saunders and Kohn, 2009). Following those assumptions we predict that:

Bacterial and fungal communities will resemble each other in both localities due to the selection of resistant and dominating genotypes.

Specific drimane sesquiterpene patterns will correlate with the presence of specific members of the endophytic microbial community, either due to their tolerance against host plant drimane sesquiterpenes or involvement in their biotransformation.

Drimane sesquiterpene diversity will correlate with microbial community diversity.

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial drimane sesquiterpenes and their effect on endophyte communities in the medical tree Warburgia ugandensis

et al. 2014

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Metabolite profiles (GC–−MS), drimane sesquiterpenes, sugars and sugar alcohols, were compared with bacterial and fungal endophyte communities (T-RFLP, DNA clones, qPCR) in leaves and roots of the pepper bark tree, Warburgia ugandensis (Canellaceae). Ten individuals each were assessed from two locations east and west of the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, Africa, which differed in humidity and vegetation, closed forest versus open savannah. Despite organ- and partially site-specific variation of drimane sesquiterpenes, no clear effects on bacterial and fungal endophyte communities could be detected. The former were dominated by gram-negative Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, as well as gram-positive Firmicutes; the fungal endophyte communities were more diverse but no specific groups dominated. Despite initial expectations, the endophyte community of the pepper bark tree did not differ from other trees that much.

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Bacterial and fungal communities will resemble each other in both localities due to the selection of resistant and dominating genotypes.

Drimane sesquiterpene diversity will correlate with microbial community diversity.

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial drimane sesquiterpenes and their effect on endophyte communities in the medical tree Warburgia ugandensis

et al. 2014

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“…The plant microbiome is only now beginning to be described (12). Clearly, plant-inhabiting fungi not only must cope with host defenses which are capable of shaping the fungal community (27) but also must coexist with other fungi within the plant. Interactions between endophytic fungi may potentially limit growth through antibiosis, such as by secreting toxic antifungal secondary metabolites or by competition for nutrients, such as by the sequestration of iron by siderophore-producing fungi (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome and Transcriptome of the Interaction between Ustilago maydis and Fusarium verticillioides In Vitro

Jonkers

Estrada

Lee

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The metabolome and transcriptome of the maize-infecting fungi Ustilago maydis and Fusarium verticillioides were analyzed as the two fungi interact. Both fungi were grown for 7 days in liquid medium alone or together in order to study how this interaction changes their metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. When grown together, decreased biomass accumulation occurs for both fungi after an initial acceleration of growth compared to the biomass changes that occur when grown alone. The biomass of U. maydis declined most severely over time and may be attributed to the action of F. verticillioides, which secretes toxic secondary metabolites and expresses genes encoding adhesive and cell wall-degrading proteins at higher levels than when grown alone. U. maydis responds to cocultivation by expressing siderophore biosynthetic genes and more highly expresses genes potentially involved in toxin biosynthesis. Also, higher expression was noted for clustered genes encoding secreted proteins that are unique to U. maydis and that may play a role during colonization of maize. Conversely, decreased gene expression was seen for U. maydis genes encoding the synthesis of ustilagic acid, mannosylerythritol D, and another uncharacterized metabolite. Ultimately, U. maydis is unable to react efficiently to the toxic response of F. verticillioides and proportionally loses more biomass. This in vitro study clarifies potential mechanisms of antagonism between these two fungi that also may occur in the soil or in maize, niches for both fungi where they likely interact in nature.

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“…Frequent loss of bacteria following subculturing suggests a facultative association. Our study recovered distinct lineages of endohyphal bacteria relative to previous studies, is the first to document their occurrence in foliar endophytes representing four of the most species-rich classes of fungi, and highlights for the first time their diversity and phylogenetic relationships with regard both to the endophytes they inhabit and the plants in which these endophyte-bacterium symbiota occur.Traits related to the establishment and outcome of plantfungus symbioses can reflect not only abiotic conditions and the unique interactions of particular fungal and plant genotypes (49,50,56,59,62,67) but also additional microbes that interact intimately with fungal mycelia (4, 12, 42). For example, mycorrhizosphere-associated actinomycetes release volatile compounds that influence spore germination in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Gigaspora margarita (Glomeromycota) (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traits related to the establishment and outcome of plantfungus symbioses can reflect not only abiotic conditions and the unique interactions of particular fungal and plant genotypes (49,50,56,59,62,67) but also additional microbes that interact intimately with fungal mycelia (4, 12, 42). For example, mycorrhizosphere-associated actinomycetes release volatile compounds that influence spore germination in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Gigaspora margarita (Glomeromycota) (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Bacteria Inhabit Living Hyphae of Phylogenetically Diverse Fungal Endophytes

Hoffman

Arnold

2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

225

224

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Both the establishment and outcomes of plant-fungus symbioses can be influenced by abiotic factors, the interplay of fungal and plant genotypes, and additional microbes associated with fungal mycelia. Recently bacterial endosymbionts were documented in soilborne Glomeromycota and Mucoromycotina and in at least one species each of mycorrhizal Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Here we show for the first time that phylogenetically diverse endohyphal bacteria occur in living hyphae of diverse foliar endophytes, including representatives of four classes of Ascomycota. We examined 414 isolates of endophytic fungi, isolated from photosynthetic tissues of six species of cupressaceous trees in five biogeographic provinces, for endohyphal bacteria using microscopy and molecular techniques. Viable bacteria were observed within living hyphae of endophytic Pezizomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes from all tree species and biotic regions surveyed. A focus on 29 fungus/bacterium associations revealed that bacterial and fungal phylogenies were incongruent with each other and with taxonomic relationships of host plants. Overall, eight families and 15 distinct genotypes of endohyphal bacteria were recovered; most were members of the Proteobacteria, but a small number of Bacillaceae also were found, including one that appears to occur as an endophyte of plants. Frequent loss of bacteria following subculturing suggests a facultative association. Our study recovered distinct lineages of endohyphal bacteria relative to previous studies, is the first to document their occurrence in foliar endophytes representing four of the most species-rich classes of fungi, and highlights for the first time their diversity and phylogenetic relationships with regard both to the endophytes they inhabit and the plants in which these endophyte-bacterium symbiota occur.Traits related to the establishment and outcome of plantfungus symbioses can reflect not only abiotic conditions and the unique interactions of particular fungal and plant genotypes (49,50,56,59,62,67) but also additional microbes that interact intimately with fungal mycelia (4, 12, 42). For example, mycorrhizosphere-associated actinomycetes release volatile compounds that influence spore germination in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Gigaspora margarita (Glomeromycota) (14). Levy et al. (34) describe Burkholderia spp. that colonize spores and hyphae of the AM fungus Gigaspora decipiens and are associated with decreased spore germination. Diverse "helper" bacteria have been implicated in promoting hyphal growth and the establishment of ectomycorrhizal symbioses (23,26,57,70). Minerdi et al. (43) found that a consortium of ectosymbiotic bacteria limited the ability of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum to infect and cause vascular wilts in lettuce, with virulence restored to the pathogen when ectosymbionts were removed.In addition to interacting with environmental and ectosymbiotic bacteria, some plant-associated fungi harbor bacteria within their hyphae (first ...

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Evidence for alteration of fungal endophyte community assembly by host defense compounds

Cited by 118 publications

References 52 publications

Antimicrobial drimane sesquiterpenes and their effect on endophyte communities in the medical tree Warburgia ugandensis

Antimicrobial drimane sesquiterpenes and their effect on endophyte communities in the medical tree Warburgia ugandensis

Metabolome and Transcriptome of the Interaction between Ustilago maydis and Fusarium verticillioides In Vitro

Diverse Bacteria Inhabit Living Hyphae of Phylogenetically Diverse Fungal Endophytes

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