Evidence for active and passive components of sorption of atmospheric water vapour by larvae of the tick Dermacentor variabilis

Knülle, W.; Devine, T. L.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(72)90095-9

Cited by 63 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Methods and equations for determining the various water balance characteristics follow those of Wharton (1985) with modifications by Yoder and Spielman (1992), Hadley (1994), Benoit et al (2006) and Yoder et al (2006) and were based on gravimetric analysis, which yields similar results as determinations using radioactive tracers (Knü lle and Devine, 1972;Wharton, 1985;Yoder and Knapp, 1999). Mass measurements were accomplished using a microbalance (SD ± 0.2 lg precision and SD ± 6.0 lg accuracy at 1 mg; Cahn, Ventron Co., Cerritos, CA).…”

Section: Determination Of Water Balance Characteristics Of the Tickmentioning

confidence: 99%

An endosymbiotic conidial fungus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, protects the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, from desiccation imposed by an entomopathogenic fungus

Yoder

Benoit

Denlinger

et al. 2008

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Section: Determination Of Water Balance Characteristics Of the Tickmentioning

confidence: 99%

An endosymbiotic conidial fungus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, protects the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, from desiccation imposed by an entomopathogenic fungus

Yoder

Benoit

Denlinger

et al. 2008

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…Water balance characteristics of adult branchiobdellids were determined with the emphasis on water loss and consisted of percentage body water content, dehydration tolerance limit (the lowest amount of water necessary for proper functioning), net transpiration rate (integumental plus respiratory water loss), critical transition temperature (CTT; the temperature threshold of a particularly rapid increase in water loss), and activation energy (E a ) as a measure of integumental permeability. Gravimetric determination of these water balance characteristics followed a set of kinetic model equations (Wharton, 1985) that allow for a consistent, standardized basis for comparison, which yields results comparable to those obtained by loading and clearance with tritiated ( 3 HOH) water (Knü lle & Devine, 1972). This approach has had broader application from its original description in insects and mites (Wharton, 1985), as it is currently being utilized to examine details on the water relations in crustaceans (Hadley, 1994;Yoder et al, 2005b), fungi (Yoder et al, 2003) and seeds (Yoder et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water exchange pertaining to host attachment sites and stream preference in crayfish-associated branchiobdellids, Cambarincola fallax and Cambarincola ingens (Annelida: Clitellata)

et al. 2007

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Water balance profiles were constructed for adults of two branchiobdellid species (Cambarincola fallax and Cambarincola ingens) to examine how they are differentially adapted for a freshwater habitat on different crayfish hosts. Both exhibited a high (75%) body water content and high net transpiration rate, reflecting that they are hyperosmotic to freshwater and display a consistent strategy that emphasizes water loss. In contrast to C. ingens, C. fallax was 6· smaller in body size, lost water 2· faster, and had heightened activation energy (E a ) for water permeability. Thus, C. fallax relies on high net transpiration rate with a focus on elimination, whereas the larger C. ingens are modified for water retention and rely on their low activation energy to suppress the amount of water that enters the body. Neither species showed evidence of a critical transition temperature (CTT), as indicated by an uninterrupted Boltzmann temperature function of passive water loss rates. No influence on favoring water balance was apparent in relation to the crayfish host with regard to preferred attachment sites (subrostral or branchial chamber) or preference for occupying different regions (pool vs. riffle) of the stream. Thus, water balance strategies between the two species are complementary, reflecting trade-offs that adjust for body size to promote survival in similar freshwater habitats. The ability of C. ingens and C. fallax to survive with a low water content, down to nearly 1/2 their body mass, however, enables them to cope with the excess water by permitting a high rate of water loss.

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“…Dry mass, d, was determined by holding ticks at 90 ± 2.0 °C over Drierite (Hadley 1994) in a Blue Line oven (Blue M Electric Co., Chicago, IL, USA) until constant mass. Mass measurements were applied to standard kinetic equations and Wharton's (1985) methods that yield identical results when using radioactive tracers 3 HOH (Knülle and Devine 1972;Wharton 1985), and these are summarized below. Mass measurements were made in a dark room under dim red light when the measurements were made during scotophase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short day-triggered quiescence promotes water conservation in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis

2015

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A short day-long day exposure comparison of water balance characteristics throughout the life history of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, was conducted to examine how this tick survives winter-associated dryness. Larvae, nymphs, and adults under potential diapause-inducing conditions (short day, 20 °C) have low water loss rates compared to long day exposed ticks. Above the critical equilibrium activity, these nonfed ticks show greater water gain from lower water vapor activities. In contrast to nonfed stages, eggs and blood-engorged stages (fed larva, fed nymph) were enhanced for water conservation independent of short day exposure and did not display reduced water loss rates under short day conditions. This short day-prompted response in nonfed ticks was distinguished from a genetically programmed diapause as noted in other arthropods by: (1) reduction in water loss was temporary and could be reversed quickly by transferring to long day for only a single day, then re-triggered by returning to short day conditions; (2) switch between low and high water loss rates could be induced multiple times and for multiple different stages; and (3) response by ticks was to the photoperiod they were under, not the condition that was experienced by previous fed stages or in the mother in the case of eggs. Furthermore, short day had no impact on altering body water content, dehydration tolerance limit, instar yields, or developmental stadia. We conclude that a short day-triggered quiescence reduces desiccation stress associated with overwintering in nonfed ticks. This effect on water conservation due to short day exposure is more pronounced for subadults and is likely due to their increased sensitivity to water loss as a result of their smaller size, which is critical to prevent dehydration during the dry winter periods.

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Evidence for active and passive components of sorption of atmospheric water vapour by larvae of the tick Dermacentor variabilis

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

An endosymbiotic conidial fungus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, protects the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, from desiccation imposed by an entomopathogenic fungus

An endosymbiotic conidial fungus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, protects the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, from desiccation imposed by an entomopathogenic fungus

Water exchange pertaining to host attachment sites and stream preference in crayfish-associated branchiobdellids, Cambarincola fallax and Cambarincola ingens (Annelida: Clitellata)

Short day-triggered quiescence promotes water conservation in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis

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