Evidence for a tetraglucoside substituent on the lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus faecium ATCC9790

Cabacungan, E

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(85)90123-5

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…(formerly Streptococcus spp.) [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] and Streptococcus sanguinis DSM 20567 T [21, 29, 30] and DSM 20068 [30] (Table 1). On the other hand, unique repeating units other than GroP have also been reported.…”

Section: Structural Diversity In Ltasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Shiraishi

Yokota

Fukiya

et al. 2016

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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Bacterial cell surface molecules are at the forefront of host-bacterium interactions. Teichoic acids are observed only in Gram-positive bacteria, and they are one of the main cell surface components. Teichoic acids play important physiological roles and contribute to the bacterial interaction with their host. In particular, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) anchored to the cell membrane has attracted attention as a host immunomodulator. Chemical and biological characteristics of LTA from various bacteria have been described. However, most of the information concerns pathogenic bacteria, and information on beneficial bacteria, including probiotic lactic acid bacteria, is insufficient. LTA is structurally diverse. Strain-level structural diversity of LTA is suggested to underpin its immunomodulatory activities. Thus, the structural information on LTA in probiotics, in particular strain-associated diversity, is important for understanding its beneficial roles associated with the modulation of immune response. Continued accumulation of structural information is necessary to elucidate the detailed physiological roles and significance of LTA. In this review article, we summarize the current state of knowledge on LTA structure, in particular the structure of LTA from lactic acid bacteria. We also describe the significance of structural diversity and biological roles of LTA.

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Section: Structural Diversity In Ltasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Shiraishi

Yokota

Fukiya

et al. 2016

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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Separation of the poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids of Enterococcus faecalis Kiel 27738, Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides DSM 20343 into molecular species by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A

Leopold

Fischer

1991

European Journal of Biochemistry

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This study shows for the first time microheterogeneity of 1,3-1inked poly(g1ycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids. The lipoteichoic acids investigated were those of Enterococcus faecalis Kiel27738 (I), Enterococcus hirae (Streptococcusfaecium) ATCC 9790 (11), and Leuconostoc mesenteroides DMS 20343 (111). Lipoteichoic acids I1 and 111 are partially substituted by mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-a-D-glUCOpyranOSyl residues with (1 + 2) interglycosidic linkages. Lipoteichoic acid I is substituted with a-kojibiosyl residues only. Lipoteichoic acids I and I11 additionally carry D-alanine ester.Lipoteichoic acids were separated on columns of concanavalin-A -Sepharose according to their increasing number of glycosyl substituents per chain. It was evident that all molecular species are usually glycosylated and that alanine ester and glycosyl residues occur on the same chains. The chain lengths of lipoteichoic acid I and I1 vary between 9 -40 glycerophosphate residues, whereas those of lipoteichoic acid I11 appear to be uniform (33 f 2 residues). Molecular species differ in the extent of glycosylation but their content of alanyl residues is fairly constant. All lipoteichoic acids contain a small fraction ( 5 -15%) different in composition from the bulk and most likely reflecting an early stage of biosynthesis.Two procedures for chain length determination of poly(g1ycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids are described.Lipoteichoic acids are components of the cytoplasmic membrane of numerous Gram-positive bacteria [l]. Most widespread is the classical type which contains a single unbranched 1,3-1inked poly(g1ycerophosphate) chain consistently attached by a phosphodiester bond to C-6 of the nonreducing hexosyl terminus of a di-or trihexosyldiacylglycerol [l, 21. Some of the glycerol residues of the chain are substituted with glycosyl residues or D-alanine ester or with both. These chain substituents have the capacity to greatly modify the biological activities of lipoteichoic acids. D-Alanine ester and glycosyl substituents block the carrier activity of lipoteichoic acid in the reaction of wall teichoic acid polymerases [3, 41. DAlanine ester modifies the inhibitory effect of autolysins [5] and both substituents drastically reduce the ability to activate the mammalian complement system [6].Although poly(g1ycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids were discovered 20 years ago [7, 81, a number of structural details has remained unexplored. Lipoteichoic acids of various bacteria contain alanine ester and glycosyl substituents but whether the two substituents occur on separate chains or together on the same chain has not previously been clarified. Since substitution is commonly incomplete, another question is whether these lipoteichoic acids are composed of fully sub- Answers to all three questions are presented in this report in which we describe affinity chromatography of lipoteichoic acids on concanavalin A, a lectin of the jack bean [14]. To be recognized by this lectin, lipoteichoic acids were selected that carry a-D-glUCOpyranOSyl and (...

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Small and medium‐angle X‐ray analysis of bacterial lipoteichoic acid phase structure

Labischinski

Naumann

Fischer

1991

European Journal of Biochemistry

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X-ray scattering analysis was performed on various types of bacterial lipoteichoic acid in solution. The X-ray data show that all samples investigated were characterized by a similar micellar ultrastructure (hydrophilic moiety on the outside) with a fatty acid chain conformation of the disordered, cc-type at all temperatures between 5" -53 "C. The size distribution of Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid micelles was sufficiently homogeneous to determine their size and some related molecular parameters by detailed small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. Nearly independent of the degree of D-alanine substitution and the ionic strength of the aqueous dispersion, an average micelle contained about 150 lipoteichoic acid molecules arranged in a spherical assembly with a diameter of about 22 nm, whereby the hydrophilic region occupied an outer shell of about 8.5 nm thickness. Based on the average chain length of lipoteichoic acid, it could be estimated that each glycerophosphate residue contributed by about 0.34 nm to the thickness of the hydrophilic shell as compared to a theoretical value of approximately 0.8 nm for a fully extended chain conformation, indicating a highly coiled conformation of the hydrophilic chain. The bearing of these findings on the properties of membrane-associated and secreted lipoteichoic acids is discussed.Lipoteichoic acids are characteristic amphiphilic constituents in the cytoplasmic membrane of numerous Gram-positive bacteria. On a molar basis, they represent approximately 5% of the total lipid amphiphiles and contain 40% of the total lipid glycerol (for review see [l, 21). This and the wide-spread occurrence of lipoteichoic acid suggested that they might play an essential role in cell physiology of Gram-positive bacteria. The control of autolytic enzyme activity and binding of divalent cations have been considered in particular, (for review see [3]) but definitive proof for vital functions is still lacking. In spite of the fact that poly(g1ycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids have been detected as bacterial membrane components 30 years ago, it has only been discovered more recently that deviant lipoteichoic acid structures exist [4, 51 and that the substituents of poly(g1ycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids, especially D-ahine ester and glycosyl residues, can vary considerably in their dependence on growth conditions [6 -101. These structural variations may influence the biological activities of lipoteichoic acids to a large extent.Although the chemical structure and modifications of it are known in detail, and methods for the purification of lipoteichoic acid in relatively large amounts have been elaborated [l 11, almost nothing is known about their supramolecular structure and how this structure will be affected by the chemical variations observed with lipoteichoic acids isolated under different conditions or from different organisms. We, therefore, tried to apply X-ray diffraction techniques to characterize the phase structure of lipoteichoic acid in solution. The different lipoteichoi...

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Evidence for a tetraglucoside substituent on the lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus faecium ATCC9790

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Separation of the poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids of Enterococcus faecalis Kiel 27738, Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides DSM 20343 into molecular species by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A

Small and medium‐angle X‐ray analysis of bacterial lipoteichoic acid phase structure

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