Evidence for a specific host-endosymbiont relationship between ‘Rickettsia sp. genotype RF2125’ and Ctenocephalides felis orientis infesting dogs in India

Hii, Sze Fui; Lawrence, Andrea L.; Cuttell, Leigh; Tynas, Rebecca; Rani, Puteri Azaziah Megat Abd; Šlapeta, Jan; Traub, Rebecca J.

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0781-x

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Nearly 11 % of dogs sampled in this study were positive for R. felis , adding evidence to suggest that dogs are the primary mammalian reservoir hosts for this emerging rickettsial zoonosis. The strain of R. felis detected in this study was 100 % homologous with the R. felis Cal 2 strain, hypothesized to have a co-evolutionary adaptive relationship with C. felis felis [ 38 , 39 ]. In India and neighboring Thailand and Myanmar, Rickettsia felis -like species/strains, R. felis- like species RF2125 and R. felis -like species RF31 were detected in C. felis orientis, the most common flea species infesting dogs and cats in India and South East Asia [ 38 , 40 , 41 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern Cambodia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn Southeast Asia, the canine vector-borne pathogens Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, haemotropic mycoplasmas and Dirofilaria immitis cause significant morbidity and mortality in dogs. Moreover, dogs have also been implicated as natural reservoirs for Rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever, increasingly implicated as a cause of undifferentiated fever in humans in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of canine vector-borne pathogens in 101 semi-domesticated dogs from rural Cambodia using molecular diagnostic techniques.ResultsThe most common canine vector-borne pathogens found infecting dogs in this study were Babesia vogeli (32.7 %) followed by Ehrlichia canis (21.8 %), Dirofilaria immitis (15.8 %), Hepatozoon canis (10.9 %), Mycoplasma haemocanis (9.9 %) and “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum” (2.9 %). A high level of co-infection with CVBD agents (23.8 %) was present, most commonly B. vogeli and E. canis. Naturally occurring R. felis infection was also detected in 10.9 % of dogs in support of their role as a natural mammalian reservoir for flea-borne spotted fever in humans.ConclusionsThis study reports for the first time, the prevalence and diversity of CVBD pathogens in dogs in Cambodia. In total, five species of CVBD pathogens were found infecting semi-domesticated dogs and many were co-infected with two or more pathogens. This study supports the role of dogs as natural mammalian reservoirs for R. felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern Cambodia

et al. 2016

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“…A diagnostic conventional nested-PCR assay targeting the gltA gene of Rickettsia spp. was applied to Tick1–6 as previously described and adopted [ 29 , 36 ]. A ~650-nt fragment of gltA was amplified in a final reaction volume of 30 μl, containing 15 μl MyTaq Red™ Mix (Bioline), 10 pmol of each primer (gltA-F1 (S0659), 5′-GCA AGT ATT GGT GAG GAT GTA ATC-3′ / gltA-R1 (S0660), 5′-CTG CGG CAC GTG GGT CAT AG-3′ for the first round; gltA-F2 (S0661), 5′-GCG ACA TCG AGG ATA TGA CAT-3′ / gltA-R2 (S0662) 5′-GGA ATA TTC TCA GAA CTA CCG-3′, for the second round), template (2 μl of purified DNA for the first round and 1 μl aliquot of the first PCR product in the second round), and PCR-grade water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reptile-associated Borrelia species in the goanna tick (Bothriocroton undatum) from Sydney, Australia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundKnowledge on the capacity of Australian ticks to carry Borrelia species is currently limited or missing. To evaluate the potential of ticks to carry bacterial pathogens and their DNA, it is imperative to have a robust workflow that maximises recovery of bacterial DNA within ticks in order to enable accurate identification. By exploiting the bilateral anatomical symmetry of ticks, we were able to directly compare two DNA extraction methods for 16S rRNA gene diversity profiling and pathogen detection. We aimed to assess which combination of DNA extraction and 16S rRNA hypervariable region enables identification of the greatest bacterial diversity, whilst minimising bias, and providing the greatest capacity for the identification of Borrelia spp.ResultsWe collected Australian endemic ticks (Bothriocroton undatum), isolated DNA from equal tick halves using two commercial DNA extraction methods and sequenced samples using V1-V3 and V3-V4 16S rRNA gene diversity profiling assays. Two distinct Borrelia spp. operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected using the V1-V3 16S rRNA hypervariable region and matching Borrelia spp. sequences were obtained using a conventional nested-PCR. The tick 16S rRNA gene diversity profile was dominated by Rickettsia spp. (98–99%), while the remaining OTUs belonged to Proteobacteria (51–81%), Actinobacteria (6–30%) and Firmicutes (2–7%). Multiple comparisons tests demonstrated biases in each of the DNA extraction kits towards different bacterial taxa.ConclusionsTwo distinct Borrelia species belonging to the reptile-associated Borrelia group were identified. Our results show that the method of DNA extraction can promote bias in the final microbiota identified. We determined an optimal DNA extraction method and 16S rRNA gene diversity profile assay that maximises detection of Borrelia species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2579-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Dogs in northern areas of Japan thought to be flea free were also seropositive [ 53 ]. A survey of 324 stray dogs in India indicated that 24% were infested of which C. felis comprised 10.4% [ 54 ]. In Thailand, only C. felis were found on cats whereas C. orientis was found on dogs [ 55 ].…”

Section: Cat Flea Biology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review

Rust

2017

Insects

110

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The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché) is the most important ectoparasite of domestic cats and dogs worldwide. It has been two decades since the last comprehensive review concerning the biology and ecology of C. f. felis and its management. Since then there have been major advances in our understanding of the diseases associated with C. f. felis and their implications for humans and their pets. Two rickettsial diseases, flea-borne spotted fever and murine typhus, have been identified in domestic animal populations and cat fleas. Cat fleas are the primary vector of Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever) with the spread of the bacteria when flea feces are scratched in to bites or wounds. Flea allergic dermatitis (FAD) common in dogs and cats has been successfully treated and tapeworm infestations prevented with a number of new products being used to control fleas. There has been a continuous development of new products with novel chemistries that have focused on increased convenience and the control of fleas and other arthropod ectoparasites. The possibility of feral animals serving as potential reservoirs for flea infestations has taken on additional importance because of the lack of effective environmental controls in recent years. Physiological insecticide resistance in C. f. felis continues to be of concern, especially because pyrethroid resistance now appears to be more widespread. In spite of their broad use since 1994, there is little evidence that resistance has developed to many of the on-animal or oral treatments such as fipronil, imidacloprid or lufenuron. Reports of the perceived lack of performance of some of the new on-animal therapies have been attributed to compliance issues and their misuse. Consequentially, there is a continuing need for consumer awareness of products registered for cats and dogs and their safety.

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Evidence for a specific host-endosymbiont relationship between ‘Rickettsia sp. genotype RF2125’ and Ctenocephalides felis orientis infesting dogs in India

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

Canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern Cambodia

Canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern Cambodia

Reptile-associated Borrelia species in the goanna tick (Bothriocroton undatum) from Sydney, Australia

The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review

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