Evidence for a novel chemotactic C1q domain-containing factor in the leech nerve cord

Cytokine Loaded Biopolymers as a Novel Strategy to Study Stem Cells during Wound‐Healing Processes

“…A high dose inhibition of chemotaxis is characteristic of chemokines [10] and is consistent with the inhibitory effect recently described for other chemoattractant factors in the leech central nervous system. [36,37] The results also showed that the different concentrations of IL-8 did not influence the types of cells migrating into the MG. Ultrastructural analysis using scanning (SEM, Figure 2E-G) and transmission (TEM, Figure 2H-J) electron microscopy showed that the MG pellets were infiltrated by cells characterized by a cytoplasm containing numerous small highly electron-dense granules ( Figure 2F and 2I) and by cells showing an electron-dense cytoplasm containing a few large granules ( Figure 2G and 2L). These two types of cells can be found both strictly associated with each other or isolated ( Figure 2E and 2H).…”

Neutrophils Induce Astroglial Differentiation and Migration of Human Neural Stem Cells via C1q and C3a Synthesis

“…However, C1q can be synthesized in the absence of C1r and C1s by a variety of cell types, including PMN (47,70,71). Furthermore, a large body of evidence has shown upregulation of C1q in the CNS following injury/disease/aging (72)(73)(74), suggesting that C1q alone may have nontraditional functions (75,76). In contrast, all known functions of C3 are mediated by its cleavage products, C3b and C3a.…”

A novel multi-domain C1qDC protein from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri provides new insights into the function of invertebrate C1qDC proteins

“…Benefiting from the versatile gC1q domain, C1qDC proteins are involved in various immune responses including recognition (Kong et al, 2010;Matsushita et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2012c), agglutination (Kong et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012a), and phagocytosis of microorganism (Wang et al, 2012c), as well as the mediation of cell migration (Tahtouh et al, 2009) in invertebrates. Recent genome and transcriptome survey have revealed that there were several C1qDC proteins with multiple gC1q domains in oyster C. gigas and Mediterranean mussel M. galloprovincialis (Gerdol et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

“…Some of the invertebrate C1qDC proteins are reported to involved in immune response including microorganism recognition (Kong et al, 2010;Matsushita et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2012c) and agglutination (Kong et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012a), promoting phagocytosis (Wang et al, 2012c), and mediating cell migration (Tahtouh et al, 2009). For example, AmphiC1q1 from C. amphioxus could interact with LPS , and AiC1qDC from scallop Argopecten irradians could agglutinate various microorganisms and bind different pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Kong et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012a).…”