Evidence for a medial prefrontal cortex–hippocampal axis associated with heart rate control in conscious humans

Norton, Katelyn N.; Luchyshyn, Torri A.; Shoemaker, J. Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.032

Cited by 28 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…An initial important observation of the current study was the difference in HR responses to IHG between the current participants and those of younger individuals reported earlier from our laboratory (Goswami et al 2012;Norton et al 2013;Wong et al 2007). This difference was statistically significant, as determined by an independent group's t-test that contrasted the present data with those published earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Due to the abundance of neural activity, both corrections were performed sequentially, such that the final results represent only clusters Ͼ 10 voxels in size (unless otherwise specified). Based on earlier data in young individuals performing the same IHG protocol (Norton et al 2013;Wong et al 2007), an a priori region-of-interest analysis was performed for relevant cortical autonomic network regions including the bilateral insular cortices (IC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and hippocampus (HC). All fMRI data are represented in radiological convention (i.e., subject's right appears on the left).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These experimental studies indicate that the IC, MPFC, and HC are of particular relevance to HR control (Burns and Wyss 1985;Cechetto and Saper 1990;Fisk and Wyss 1997;Oppenheimer et al 1992;Owens and Verberne 2001;Ruggiero et al 1987;Verberne 1996;Yasui et al 1991). Anatomically, the MPFC and HC have a large number of direct connections with subcortical structures (Verberne and Owens 1998) and have been linked in connectivity analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data in humans (Norton et al 2013). Thus the MPFC and HC form regions of interest for the current study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Recently, neuroimaging techniques have enabled investigation into a network of cortical regions associated with the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular control in conscious humans (Basnayake et al 2012;Cechetto 2014;Critchley et al 2000;Gianaros et al 2004;Macey et al 2012;Norton et al 2013;Shoemaker et al 2015;Williamson 2010). These regions include the bilateral insular cortexes (IC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and hippocampus (HC).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, moderate-intensity IHG exercise of short duration produces a rapid tachycardia in young and healthy individuals (Mancia et al 1978;Mark et al 1985;Wong et al 2007) and pharmacological evidence indicates that a decrease in parasympathetic dominance accounts for much of this rapid HR change (Fagraeus and Linnarsson 1976;Hollander and Bouman 1975;Mitchell et al 1989). In young individuals, the magnitude of this rapid increase in HR with IHG exercise is correlated with reduced activity within the MPFC (Gianaros et al 2004;Wong et al 2007) and the HC (Norton et al 2013). It follows that these regions are associated with cardiovagal control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coronary artery disease affects cortical circuitry associated with brain-heart integration during volitional exercise

Norton

Badrov

Barron

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Norton KN, Badrov MB, Barron CC, Suskin N, Heinecke A, Shoemaker JK. Coronary artery disease affects cortical circuitry associated with brain-heart integration during volitional exercise. J Neurophysiol 114: 835-845, 2015. First published May 13, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00008.2015.-This study tested the hypothesis that coronary artery disease (CAD) alters the cortical circuitry associated with exercise. Observations of changes in heart rate (HR) and in cortical blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) images were made in 23 control subjects [control; 8 women; 63 Ϯ 11 yr; mean arterial pressure (MAP): 90 Ϯ 9 mmHg] (mean Ϯ SD) and 17 similarly aged CAD patients (4 women; 59 Ϯ 9 yr; MAP: 87 Ϯ 10 mmHg). Four repeated bouts each of 30%, 40%, and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force (LAB session), and seven repeated bouts of isometric handgrip (IHG) at 40% MVC force (fMRI session), were performed, with each contraction lasting 20 s and separated by 40 s of rest. There was a main effect of group (P ϭ 0.03) on HR responses across all IHG intensities. Compared with control, CAD demonstrated less task-dependent deactivation in the posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, and reduced activation in the right anterior insula, bilateral precentral cortex, and occipital lobe (P Ͻ 0.05). When correlated with HR, CAD demonstrated reduced activation in the bilateral insula and posterior cingulate cortex, and reduced deactivation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral precentral cortex (P Ͻ 0.05). The increased variability in expected autonomic regions and decrease in total cortical activation in response to the IHG task are associated with a diminished HR response to volitional effort in CAD. Therefore, relative to similarly aged and healthy individuals, CAD impairs the heart rate response and modifies the cortical patterns associated with cardiovascular control during IHG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Coronary artery disease affects cortical circuitry associated with brain-heart integration during volitional exercise

Norton

Badrov

Barron

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Interrelations between dopamine and serotonin producing sites and regions of the default mode network

Cruz

Wagner

Schumann

et al. 2020

Human Brain Mapping

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Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations in the default mode network (DMN) are functionally tightly connected to those in monoaminergic nuclei, producing dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) transmitters, in the midbrain/brainstem. We combined accelerated fMRI acquisition with spectral Granger causality and coherence analysis to investigate causal relationships between these areas. Both methods independently lead to similar results and confirm the existence of a top-down information flow in the resting-state condition, where activity in core DMN areas influences activity in the neuromodulatory centers producing DA/5-HT. We found that latencies range from milliseconds to seconds with high inter-subject variability, likely attributable to the resting condition. Our novel findings provide new insights into the functional organization of the human brain.

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The Cardiovascular Stress Response as Early Life Marker of Cardiovascular Health: Applications in Population-Based Pediatric Studies—A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

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Stress inducement by physical exercise requires major cardiovascular adaptations in both adults and children to maintain an adequate perfusion of the body. As physical exercise causes a stress situation for the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular exercise stress tests are widely used in clinical practice to reveal subtle cardiovascular pathology in adult and childhood populations with cardiac and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, evidence from small studies suggests that the cardiovascular stress response can also be used within research settings to provide novel insights on subtle differences in cardiovascular health in non-diseased adults and children, as even among healthy populations an abnormal response to physical exercise is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review is specifically focused on the possibilities of using the cardiovascular stress response to exercise combined with advanced imaging techniques in pediatric population-based studies focused on the early origins of cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the physiology of the cardiovascular stress response to exercise, the type of physical exercise used to induce the cardiovascular stress response in combination with advanced imaging techniques, the obtained measurements with advanced imaging techniques during the cardiovascular exercise stress test and their associations with cardiovascular health outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential for cardiovascular exercise stress tests to use in pediatric population-based studies focused on the early origins of cardiovascular diseases.

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Evidence for a medial prefrontal cortex–hippocampal axis associated with heart rate control in conscious humans

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Coronary artery disease affects cortical circuitry associated with brain-heart integration during volitional exercise

Coronary artery disease affects cortical circuitry associated with brain-heart integration during volitional exercise

Interrelations between dopamine and serotonin producing sites and regions of the default mode network

The Cardiovascular Stress Response as Early Life Marker of Cardiovascular Health: Applications in Population-Based Pediatric Studies—A Narrative Review

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