Evidence for a differential contribution of early perceptual and late cognitive processes during encoding to episodic memory impairment in schizophrenia

Green, Amity E.; Fitzgerald, Paul B.; Johnston, Patrick; Nathan, Pradeep J.; Kulkarni, Jayashri; Croft, Rodney J.

doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1208839

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Of the many types, episodic and fear memories are two main categories commonly affected in different psychiatric disorders (Dickerson and Eichenbaum, 2010 ). Episodic memory deficits have been reported in schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and major depression (Muller and Roberts, 2005 ; Exner et al, 2009 ; Brezis, 2015 ; Czepielewski et al, 2015 ; Herold et al, 2015 ; Oertel-Knöchel et al, 2015 ; Ragland et al, 2015 ; Vrabie et al, 2015 ; Meconi et al, 2016 ; Solomon et al, 2016 ; Whitton et al, 2016 ; Green et al, 2017 ). Fear memories can be linked to anxiety and particularly to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Parsons and Ressler, 2013 ; Briscione et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc

Gallo

Katche

Morici

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

291

235

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Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However, memory deficits have been in many cases undervalued compared with other characteristics. The expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) such as, c-fos, Egr1 and arc are selectively and promptly upregulated in learning and memory among neuronal subpopulations in regions associated with these processes. Changes in expression in these genes have been observed in recognition, working and fear related memories across the brain. Despite the enormous amount of data supporting changes in their expression during learning and memory and the importance of those cognitive processes in psychiatric conditions, there are very few studies analyzing the direct implication of the IEGs in mental illnesses. In this review, we discuss the role of some of the most relevant IEGs in relation with memory processes affected in psychiatric conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc

Gallo

Katche

Morici

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

291

235

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“…One of the main neuropsychological impaired functions in subjects with SZ is episodic verbal memory (EVM) [4-6]. This cognitive impairment emerges during adolescence, indicating a potential neurodevelopmental cognitive marker [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Cytokines and Verbal Memory in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Unaffected Siblings

Rebouças

Rabelo‐da‐Ponte

Massuda

et al. 2018

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background: Verbal memory impairment may be considered an endophenotype in schizophrenia (SZ), also affecting the siblings of SZ subjects. Furthermore, the immune-inflammatory system response has an important modulatory effect on brain processes, especially on memory circuits. Objective: Investigating the relationship between TNF-α and IL-6 and memory performance in patients with SZ, their unaffected siblings (SB) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: 35 subjects with SZ, 36 SB, and 47 HC underwent a neurocognitive assessment for verbal memory by means of the revised Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R) in addition to serum cytokines analyses. Results: SZ patients performed worse in HVLT-R than SB and HC, but SB and HC were not different. Regarding the biomarker levels, we found significant results of TNF-α for both groups. However, we did not find differences between groups after multiple-comparisons analysis. There were no significant correlations between episodic verbal memory, TNF-α, and IL-6. Conclusion: The results are compatible with the hypothesis that deficits in verbal memory of individuals with SZ could be secondary to inadequate functioning of cognitive processing areas, such as proactive cognitive control.

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“…However, there is also a well-established literature showing that schizophrenia patients have contextual processing difficulties and semantic processing disturbances indexed by N400 anomalies observed in priming paradigms [ 44 , 45 ]. Furthermore, in the study carried out by Green and collaborators [ 46 ] who investigated the N400 component of ERPs during the study phase of a recognition memory task with schizophrenia patients, the authors found reduced N400 amplitudes in the patient group compared to healthy controls for words categorized as pleasant or unpleasant at study, indicating N400 abnormalities during episodic encoding. In line with this literature and as hypothesized, contrary to healthy controls who processed both the external and the internal semantic coherence, patients did not process the internal semantic coherence (semantic coherence between the two items within word pairs) as indexed by the lack of N400 internal coherence effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Event Related Potentials Study of Semantic Coherence Effect during Episodic Encoding in Schizophrenia Patients

Merlet

Blanchet

Lockman

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Research and Treatment

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The objective of this electrophysiological study was to investigate the processing of semantic coherence during encoding in relation to episodic memory processes promoted at test, in schizophrenia patients, by using the N400 paradigm. Eighteen schizophrenia patients and 15 healthy participants undertook a recognition memory task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of words either semantically related or unrelated to a given category name (context). During encoding, both groups exhibited an N400 external semantic coherence effect. Healthy controls also showed an N400 internal semantic coherence effect, but this effect was not present in patients. At test, related stimuli were accompanied by an FN400 old/new effect in both groups and by a parietal old/new effect in the control group alone. In the patient group, external semantic coherence effect was associated with FN400, while, in the control group, it was correlated to the parietal old/new effect. Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients can process the contextual information at encoding to enhance familiarity process for related stimuli at test. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation therapies targeting the implementation of semantic encoding strategies can mobilize familiarity which in turn can overcome the recollection deficit, promoting successful episodic memory performance in schizophrenia patients.

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Evidence for a differential contribution of early perceptual and late cognitive processes during encoding to episodic memory impairment in schizophrenia

Abstract: The present results indicate that early sensory processes are intact and dysfunctional higher order cognitive processes during encoding are contributing to episodic memory impairments in schizophrenia.

Cited by 11 publications

References 79 publications

Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc

Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc

The Relationship between Cytokines and Verbal Memory in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Unaffected Siblings

An Event Related Potentials Study of Semantic Coherence Effect during Episodic Encoding in Schizophrenia Patients

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