Evidence for a Commensal, Symbiotic Relationship between Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia Involving Ammonia: Potential Significance for Bacterial Vaginosis

Pybus, Vivien; Onderdonk, Andrew B.

doi:10.1093/infdis/175.2.406

Cited by 150 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although a discussion of BV dynamics remains speculative in the absence of longitudinal data, these samples hypothetically represent a transition stage between a Lactobacillus-dominated phenotype (BV Ϫ ), characterized by a shift to Gardnerella dominance as levels of Lactobacillus fall, and gradual establishment of the Gardnerella-PrevotellaClostridiales codominant phenotype (BV ϩ ). These findings are consistent with in vitro work suggesting that nutritional interactions between Gardnerella and Prevotella are likely to be involved in the establishment of BV (44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular Definition of Vaginal Microbiota in East African Commercial Sex Workers

Schellenberg

Links

Hill

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Resistance to HIV infection in a cohort of commercial sex workers living in Nairobi, Kenya, is linked to mucosal and antiinflammatory factors that may be influenced by the vaginal microbiota. Since bacterial vaginosis (BV), a polymicrobial dysbiosis characterized by low levels of protective Lactobacillus organisms, is an established risk factor for HIV infection, we investigated whether vaginal microbiology was associated with HIV-exposed seronegative ( . Several alpha-and betaproteobacteria, including the recently described species Variovorax paradoxus, were found to correlate positively with increased Lactobacillus levels that define the BV ؊ ("normal") phenotype. We conclude that cpn60 UT is ideally suited to next-generation sequencing technologies for further investigation of microbial community dynamics and mucosal immunity underlying HIV resistance in this cohort.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular Definition of Vaginal Microbiota in East African Commercial Sex Workers

Schellenberg

Links

Hill

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Both of these species have been linked to bacterial vaginosis, hence the wide distribution of Prevotella sp. in the vaginal microbiota might be a factor that facilitates bacterial vaginosis (4,30,31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women

Ravel

Gajer

Abdo

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

3,161

291

3,988

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The means by which vaginal microbiomes help prevent urogenital diseases in women and maintain health are poorly understood. To gain insight into this, the vaginal bacterial communities of 396 asymptomatic North American women who represented four ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian) were sampled and the species composition characterized by pyrosequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA genes. The communities clustered into five groups: four were dominated by Lactobacillus iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii, whereas the fifth had lower proportions of lactic acid bacteria and higher proportions of strictly anaerobic organisms, indicating that a potential key ecological function, the production of lactic acid, seems to be conserved in all communities. The proportions of each community group varied among the four ethnic groups, and these differences were statistically significant [χ 2 (10) = 36.8, P < 0.0001]. Moreover, the vaginal pH of women in different ethnic groups also differed and was higher in Hispanic (pH 5.0 ± 0.59) and black (pH 4.7 ± 1.04) women as compared with Asian (pH 4.4 ± 0.59) and white (pH 4.2 ± 0.3) women. Phylotypes with correlated relative abundances were found in all communities, and these patterns were associated with either high or low Nugent scores, which are used as a factor for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The inherent differences within and between women in different ethnic groups strongly argues for a more refined definition of the kinds of bacterial communities normally found in healthy women and the need to appreciate differences between individuals so they can be taken into account in risk assessment and disease diagnosis. T he human body harbors microorganisms that inhabit surfaces and cavities exposed or connected to the external environment. Each body site includes ecological communities of microbial species that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. The kinds of organisms present are highly dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions and host factors and hence vary from site to site. Moreover, they vary between individuals and over time (1). The human vaginal microbiota seem to play a key role in preventing a number of urogenital diseases, such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections (2-9), and HIV infection (10, 11). Common wisdom attributes this to lactic acid-producing bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus sp., that commonly inhabit the vagina. These species are thought to play key protective roles by lowering the environmental pH through lactic acid production (12, 13), by producing various bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal compounds, or through competitive exclusion (13-16). The advent of culture-independent molecular approaches based on the cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has furthered our understanding of the vaginal microbiota by identifying taxa that had not been cultured (17-24). However, this technique is limited by high cost and low throughput, hence only small ...

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“…In addition to producing lactic acid, however, some species are also known to have dipeptidyl peptidase activity and produce significant amounts of ammonium in other environments (7), the latter potentially acting as a substrate for BV microorganisms, including G. vaginalis (20). While the commensal relationship between the ammonium-producing Prevotella bivia and the utilization of ammonium by G. vaginalis has been demonstrated previously (20), it is also possible that other associations exist. However, it remains to be determined whether Atopobium species, Atopobium-related species, and other species detected here are involved directly in BV or simply react opportunistically when vaginal conditions change.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Atopobium vaginae in Postmenopausal Women by Cultivation-Independent Methods Warrants Further Investigation

Burton

Devillard

Cadieux³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Evidence for a Commensal, Symbiotic Relationship between Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia Involving Ammonia: Potential Significance for Bacterial Vaginosis

Cited by 150 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular Definition of Vaginal Microbiota in East African Commercial Sex Workers

Molecular Definition of Vaginal Microbiota in East African Commercial Sex Workers

Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women

Detection of Atopobium vaginae in Postmenopausal Women by Cultivation-Independent Methods Warrants Further Investigation

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