Evidence by a Voltage Clamp Study of an Electrically Mediated Block to Polyspermy in the Egg of the Ascidian Phallusia mammillata

Goudeau, Henri; Depresle, Yves; Rosa, Armelle; Goudeau, Marie

doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1332

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…With a low sperm concentration (1 ϫ 10 6 /ml), the numbers of eggs penetrated by sperm began to decline at values more positive than Ϫ30 mV, reaching 0 at 0 mV. With a higher sperm concentration (2 ϫ 10 7 /ml), more positive potentials were required to inhibit sperm penetration completely (Goudeau et al, 1994).…”

Section: Electrical Polyspermy Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyspermy prevention in marine invertebrates

Gould

Stephano

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In marine invertebrates, as in most other organisms, normal development requires that only one sperm nucleus joins with the egg nucleus at fertilization. The principal mechanisms employed are (1) prevention of sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion and (2) modifications of the egg extracellular coat to prevent sperm binding and/or penetration. In a third strategy, fertilization is polyspermic, but only one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus. Other factors such as gamete density during spawning, chemotaxis, and localized sites for sperm entry may also affect the numbers of sperm reaching the egg.

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Section: Electrical Polyspermy Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyspermy prevention in marine invertebrates

Gould

Stephano

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Fast blocks against polyspermy act on scales of milliseconds after the first sperm entry and are usually based on a rapid depolarization of the egg membrane that reduces the probability of fertilization by further sperm, although eggs can still become polyspermic if the sperm:egg ratio is high (Jaffe and Gould 1985). An electrical polyspermy block is present in eggs from a wide range of organisms, including echinoderms (Jaffe 1976, Miyazaki andHirai 1979), echiuroid worms (Gould-Somero et al 1979), amphibians (Cross and Elinson 1980, Grey et al 1982, Iwao 1989, nemerteans (Kline et al 1985), crabs (Goudeau and Goudeau 1989), fucoid algae (Brawley 1991, Taylor andBrownlee 1993), lamprey (Kobayashi et al 1994), ascidians (Goudeau et al 1994), and mussels (Togo et al 1995). Influx of Na ϩ at fertilization causes membrane depolarization in most marine eggs (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF FUCUS VESICULOSUS (PHAEOPHYCEAE) IN THE BALTIC SEA

Serrão

Brawley

Hedman

et al. 1999

Journal of Phycology

104

119

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Marine organisms colonizing brackish habitats such as the Baltic Sea must cope with the negative effects of low salinities on reproductive success because these may reduce gamete viability and/or increase polyspermy. Reproductive characteristics of the marine seaweed Fucus vesiculosus L. were studied in several brackish habitats, particularly in the northern Baltic Sea, to understand its ability to reproduce where few other marine species survive. Polyspermy and fertilization success were variable at the boundary of the continuous distribution of F. vesiculosus in the Baltic Sea, and polyspermy was high (10%–30%) when fertilization was successful. A strong female bias (80%–86%, ca. 5.5:1) was found at the northernmost limit of Baltic F. vesiculosus. Electrophysiological studies showed that many eggs have a high input resistance (519 ± 150 MΩ[mean ± SE, n = 14] at Drivan, 1995), which may be helpful in preventing polyspermy in this brackish habitat. The polyspermy block remains sodium‐dependent in the northern Baltic. Sperm bound quickly to northern Baltic eggs in natural water, but fertilization was delayed compared to marine F. vesiculosus. A subset of northern Baltic eggs studied during an optimal reproductive period (7–11 July 1995) had a membrane potential (Em) of ca. −100 mV and an effective fertilization potential (FP) of ca. 2 min with a plateau of −25 mV, but repolarized too rapidly for the FP to be protective. Pronuclear migration and cell wall secretion occurred more slowly in Baltic than in marine zygotes. The reproductive success of theseboundary populations may be dependent upon windows of opportunity when there are favorable combinations of the levels of salinity, water motion, population density, and sex ratio. These factors and the short duration of the reproductive season in the northern Baltic Sea may result in reproductive failure in some years.

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“…Fertilization currents have been recorded in many animals and humans (Gianaroli et al, 1994; De Simone et al, 1998; Tosti et al, 2002; Glahn and Nuccitelli, 2003), yet its biological significance is still unclear in the majority of cases. It has been proposed that membrane depolarization represents a key stimulus for activation in invertebrate oocytes (Dubè, 1988) and/or a mechanism for preventing the polyspermy (Jaffe and Cross, 1986; Goudeau et al, 1994; Glahn and Nuccitelli, 2003; Dale and DeFelice, 2010). A previous study by Tosti et al (2003) reported a role for fertilization current in ensuring the development of a normal embryo in C. intestinalis .…”

Section: Influence Of Maternally‐derived Ion Currents On Ciona Intestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion currents involved in oocyte maturation, fertilization and early developmental stages of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Tosti

Gallo

Silvestre

2011

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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SUMMARYElectrophysiological techniques were used to study the role of ion currents in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis oocyte plasma membrane during different stages of growth, meiosis, fertilization and early development. Three stages of immature oocytes were discriminated in the ovary, with the germinal vesicle showing specific different features of growth and maturation. Stage-A (pre-vitellogenic) oocytes exhibited the highest L-type calcium current activity and were incompetent for meiosis resumption. Stage-B (vitellogenic) oocytes showed a progressive disappearance of calcium currents and the first appearance of sodium currents that remained high during the maturation process, up to the postvitellogenic stage-C oocytes. The latter had acquired meiotic competence, undergoing spontaneous in vitro maturation and interacting with the spermatozoon. However, fertilized oocytes did not produce normal larvae, suggesting that cytoplasmic maturation may affect embryo development. In mature oocytes at the metaphase I stage, sodium currents were present and remained high up to the zygote stage. Oocytes fertilized in the absence of sodium showed significant reduction of the fertilization current amplitude and high development of anomalous ''rosette'' embryos. Current amplitudes became negligible in embryos at the 2-and 4-cell stage, whereas resumption of all the current activities occurred at the 8-cell embryo. Taken together, these results suggest: (i) an involvement of L-type calcium currents in initial oocyte meiotic progression and growth; (ii) a role of sodium currents at fertilization; (iii) a role of the fertilization current in ensuring normal embryo development.Mol.

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Evidence by a Voltage Clamp Study of an Electrically Mediated Block to Polyspermy in the Egg of the Ascidian Phallusia mammillata

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Polyspermy prevention in marine invertebrates

Polyspermy prevention in marine invertebrates

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF FUCUS VESICULOSUS (PHAEOPHYCEAE) IN THE BALTIC SEA

Ion currents involved in oocyte maturation, fertilization and early developmental stages of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

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