Evidence-Based Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 243 Observational Prospective Studies and 153 Randomized Controlled Trials

Yu, Jin‐Tai; Xu, Wei; Tan, Cheng; Andrieu, Sandrine; Suckling, John; Εvangelou, Εvangelos; Pan, An; Zhang, Can; Jia, Jianping; Feng, Lei; Heok, Kua Ee; Wang, Yanjiang; Wang, Hui-Fu; Tan, Meng-Shan; Li, Jieqiong; Hou, Xiao-He; Wan, Yu; Tan, Lin; Mok, Vincent; Tan, Lan; Touchon, Jacques; Gauthier, Serge; Aisen, Paul S.; Vellas, Bruno

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3405594

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function has been well documented 12–16 . Sources support treatment of hypertension for those over the age of 45 to reduce the risk of dementia, specifying a target systolic blood pressure of <130 mm Hg in midlife 17 .…”

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite ample evidence demonstrating that greater amounts of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline and ADRD, 12,14,21 physical activity is rarely discussed by health‐care professionals for the prevention or treatment of medical conditions affecting the brain. Physical activity decreases with age, especially among women, persons with lower income, and persons from certain race and ethnicity groups 22 .…”

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the initially reviewed sources of evidence did not address sleep as frequently as the other topics addressed by the RRWG, the moderate level of evidence identified in those sources related to sleep disturbance provided a starting point for their conversations 14 . Several RRWG members are experts on the topic of sleep related to dementia and believe strongly in addressing sleep quality to reduce the risk of dementia.…”

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RRWG reviewed the evidence base for cognitive interventions. Overall, there is limited evidence linking cognitive interventions to long‐term cognitive benefits 11–14 . Nevertheless, the World Health Organization (WHO) conditionally recommends that cognitive training may be offered to older adults with normal cognition and with mild cognitive impairment to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and/or dementia 12 .…”

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of cognitive decline

Sabbagh

Pérez

Holland

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Few resources address steps clinicians can take to help patients reduce their risk of dementia, despite growing recognition that brain health can be optimized and that risk reduction for cognitive decline can be accomplished by lifestyle modifications. Methods:To address this gap, UsAgainstAlzheimer's convened a risk reduction workgroup (RRWG) to review existing evidence and develop recommendations for primary care clinicians discussing cognitive decline and risk reduction with their patients. Results:The RRWG produced 11 consensus-based recommendations and implementation strategies across six topics: neurovascular risk management, physical activity, sleep, nutrition, social isolation, and cognitive stimulation.Discussion: These recommendations are a first step for clinicians to address brain health with patients and potentially help them prevent cognitive decline. To ensure there is routine care for brain health, proper incentives and policies must be instituted and more education for consumers should be provided.

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Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rationale For Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of cognitive decline

Sabbagh

Pérez

Holland

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…Increasing evidence suggests a positive association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of developing AD (Schilling, 2016;Yu et al, 2020). Impaired insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, two key mechanisms involved in T2DM, have been found to contribute to AD pathogenesis and progression (Gupta et al, 2011;Kandimalla et al, 2017;Benedict and Grillo, 2018;Boccardi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Roles of Metformin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Snapshot

Ruan

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease predominantly affecting millions of elderly people. To date, no effective therapy has been identified to reverse the progression of AD. Metformin, as a first-line medication for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), exerts multiple beneficial effects on various neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Evidence from clinical studies has demonstrated that metformin use contributes to a lower risk of developing AD and better cognitive performance, which might be modified by interactors such as diabetic status and APOE-ε4 status. Previous mechanistic studies have gradually unveiled the effects of metformin on AD pathology and pathophysiology, including neuronal loss, neural dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) depositions, tau phosphorylation, chronic neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Current evidence remains ambiguous and even conflicting. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms of metformin in AD pathology while summarizing current evidence from clinical studies.

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Cogstim: A Shared Decision-making Model to Support Older Adults’ Brain Health

Ownby

Waldrop‐Valverde

2023

CAR

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The lack of effective treatments for cognitive decline in older adults has led to an interest in the possibility that lifestyle interventions can help to prevent changes in mental functioning and reduce the risk for dementia. Multiple lifestyle factors have been related to risk for decline, and multicomponent intervention studies suggest that changing older adults’ behaviors can have a positive impact on their cognition. How to translate these findings into a practical model for clinical use with older adults, however, is not clear. In this Commentary, we propose a shared decision-making model to support clinicians’ efforts to promote brain health in older persons. The model organizes risk and protective factors into three broad groups based on their mechanism of action and provides older persons with basic information to allow them to make evidence- and preference-based choices in choosing goals for effective brain health programs. A final component includes basic instruction in behavior change strategies such as goal setting, self-monitoring, and problem-solving. The implementation of the model will support older persons’ efforts to develop a personally relevant and effective brain-healthy lifestyle that may help to reduce their risk for cognitive decline.

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Evidence-Based Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 243 Observational Prospective Studies and 153 Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Primary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of cognitive decline

Primary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of cognitive decline

Deciphering the Roles of Metformin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Snapshot

Cogstim: A Shared Decision-making Model to Support Older Adults’ Brain Health

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