Evidence‐based Preparticipation Physical Examination

Carek, Peter J.

doi:10.1002/9780470988732.ch2

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The arguments against general cardiovascular screening of athletes include, in addition to costs and logistics, its inefficiency in finding athletes at risk and the risk of false‐positive findings due to the low prevalence of disease (Carek & Mainous, 2002; Kjaer, 2006). Instead, other measures such as information of athletes and a more intensive check‐up of persons at risk have been proposed (Denmark).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: time for a Nordic approach in screening?

Hernelahti

Heinonen

Karjalainen

et al. 2008

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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In 2005, the European Society of Cardiology published recommendations for cardiovascular screening in athletes. Discussion on whether screening is beneficial is ongoing. Recently, the first prospective results on effectiveness of screening in preventing sudden deaths were published from Italy. The results were supportive of screening, but did not provide conclusive evidence. Our suggestion for a Nordic approach on this issue is a directed cardiovascular examination initially involving elite athletes, because this is feasible with respect to the Nordic health care systems and the organization and logistics of elite competitive sports, but also because of the negative aspects of screening large populations. This directed cardiovascular examination would include personal and family history, clinical examination, and electrocardiography (ECG). Further examinations should thereafter be carried out in athletes with suggestive findings in the initial evaluation. The directed cardiovascular examination should be voluntary. It should be conducted at least once, with information on alarming symptoms (syncope, chest pain or dizziness during exercise) and heredity (sudden cardiac death or hereditary heart disease in near relatives) stressed to the athlete as indications for necessary check-ups in the future. The examination would also provide the athlete with an ECG recording, which is valuable as a reference at a later time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that no ECG recording is included in the recommendation has also been criticized (Maron et al, 2005). A systematic review (Carek & Mainous, 2002) found that there is no evidence supporting efficiency of screening based on history and physical examination.…”

Section: Preparticipation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: time for a Nordic approach in screening?

Hernelahti

Heinonen

Karjalainen

et al. 2008

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…In these cases, the team physician should review the following questions as the athlete's ability to meet the criteria for participation is being determined 15 A specific risk analysis to provide the physician with guidance in answering these questions has not been developed. 138 Furthermore, the specific threshold used in the decision depends upon numerous factors, including the specific sport, desires of the athlete and parent, and available protective equipment.…”

Section: Ppe Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions

Conley

Bolin

Carek

et al. 2014

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To present athletic trainers with recommendations for the content and administration of the preparticipation physical examination (PPE) as well as considerations for determining safe participation in sports and identifying disqualifying conditions.Background: Preparticipation physical examinations have been used routinely for nearly 40 years. However, considerable debate exists as to their efficacy due to the lack of standardization in the process and the lack of conformity in the information that is gathered. With the continuing rise in sports participation at all levels and the growing number of reported cases of sudden death in organized athletics, the sports medicine community should consider adopting a standardized process for conducting the PPE to protect all parties.Recommendations: Recommendations are provided to equip the sports medicine community with the tools necessary to conduct the PPE as effectively and efficiently as possible using available scientific evidence and best practices. In addition, the recommendations will help clinicians identify those conditions that may threaten the health and safety of participants in organized sports, may require further evaluation and intervention, or may result in potential disqualification.

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“…Performance Goal for Stage Objective of Stage failed to show improvement in morbidity or mortality (7,20). The American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) agree that PPS should be performed; however they recommend different strategies for screening.…”

Section: Rehabilitation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in Professional Football

Olson

Sikka

Labounty

et al. 2013

Current Sports Medicine Reports

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Professional football is one of the most popular sports in the United States. There is a common constellation of injuries that are seen frequently. Much attention has been focused on concussions and their long-term outcomes in this population. Other common causes of morbidity include cervical spine injuries, knee injuries including anterior cruciate ligament and other ligamentous injuries, ankle sprains, and medical issues including cardiac and sickle trait. Several recent studies have focused on hip impingement and hamstring injuries, among others, as sources of missed playing time as well. This review describes some of the frequently seen injuries and medical issues in professional football players. Proper management of both medical disease and on-field injuries can reduce morbidity and may lead to faster return to play and reduced risk of future injury.

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Evidence‐based Preparticipation Physical Examination

Cited by 7 publications

References 92 publications

Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: time for a Nordic approach in screening?

Sudden cardiac death in young athletes: time for a Nordic approach in screening?

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions

Injuries in Professional Football

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