Evidence-based Nutritional Intervention Protocol for Korean Moderate-Severe Obese Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Diet-related behavioral modification for healthy eating and lifestyle is required to improve childhood obesity. The present study aimed to develop customized nutritional intervention protocol and education program to find barriers to adhere healthy diet and lifestyle for moderate to severe obese children and adolescents and their families. Theoretical framework approaches can be used to change behavior and achieve goals. Previous studies that described the relationship between behavioral modification and nutrition education theory were reviewed. The social cognitive theory and transtheoretical model were employed with behavioral changes to target a healthful diet and lifestyle. The nutrition care process (NCP) model was adopted to customize nutrition care for the participants. Customized nutritional intervention protocol was developed following as the four steps of the NCP. Firstly, nutrition status of the participants was assessed by the nutrition expert. Nutrition problems were described as “inadequate energy intake,” “overweight/obesity,” or “food and nutrition-related knowledge deficit.” All nutrition sessions were designed for nutrition intervention to give nutritional knowledge and a practical mission in real life for individual goal setting and self-control. Meal planning, portion control, healthy snack selection and cooking with fruits and vegetables were consisted of five components of the nutrition education session. During each session, the participants and their families were interviewed by a nutrition expert for monitoring and evaluating diet-related goal setting and achievement. A theoretical and evidence-based nutritional intervention was developed for the secondary to tertiary prevention of childhood obesity. This nutrition intervention protocol and program might be helpful for the further research on childhood obesity. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0002111

Nutritional Management in Childhood Obesity

“…There is a requirement for standardizing the NCP and increasing the quality and consistency of nutritional care by using the International Dietetics and Nutrition Terminology (IDNT) 58,59. Previously, we developed a study protocol60 to manage the dietary problems of moderately to severely obese children and adolescents by adopting the NCP and IDNT. Three general domains—nutrition intake, nutrition clinical, and nutritional behavioral—were employed for nutritional diagnosis (Table 3).…”

Management of Childhood Obesity—Time to Shift from Generalized to Personalized Intervention Strategies

“…This multi-step model was designed to structure individualized nutritional care targeting childhood obesity and was effective in different investigations [ 22 , 111 , 112 ]. In a review study assessing the effects of NCP-based educational programs (including education on meal planning, portion control, healthy snack selection, and cooking with plant-based sources), favorable outcomes were reported regarding childhood obesity [ 113 ].…”

Proceso de Atención Nutricional: Elementos para su implementación y uso por los profesionales de la Nutrición y la Dietética

“…Los beneficios de la utilización del PAN 21,25,27,29,31 no sólo se relacionan con una mejora de los resultados tras la intervención nutricional 66 , sino también con una mayor productividad, comunicación interprofesional y la formulación y registro del diagnóstico nutricional para optimizar el trabajo asistencial 6, 13,22,25,28,42,49,50 . Tanto los especialistas de la Nutrición en el ejercicio profesional, como los gestores-administradores e investigadores tendrán una mayor capacidad para medir objetivamente la calidad de la atención nutricional.…”