Evidence-Based Long-Term Treatment of Mental Health Consequences of Disasters among Adults

Difede, JoAnn; Cukor, Judith

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511730030.020

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Middle-aged adults (compared with younger or older adults), women (compared with men), whites (compared with blacks and Hispanics), persons with more intense disaster exposure, those who experienced panic attacks during the disaster, and those with more severe PTSD were more likely to use mental health services. Having difficulty sleeping, reporting more days with poor mental or physical health, having close relationships with individuals who died in the disaster, and reporting increased alcohol use were associated with mental health care use among those less directly exposed to a disaster (17,18).…”

Section: Use Of Servicesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although most disaster victims will regain functioning without an intervention (12), some will require longer-term treatment for psychological conditions (17). CBT has garnered the most support in treatment of PTSD, and some evidence indicates that it can also be helpful to treat comorbid depression and other anxiety disorders (3,17).…”

Section: Post-disaster: Preventing and Treating Mental Health Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CBT has garnered the most support in treatment of PTSD, and some evidence indicates that it can also be helpful to treat comorbid depression and other anxiety disorders (3,17). However, only a few randomized controlled trials have used CBT for disaster survivors, and not many studies have evaluated the impact of CBT on mental health in the long term (38).…”

Section: Post-disaster: Preventing and Treating Mental Health Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some interventions have been deemed efficacious in randomized controlled studies, effectiveness studies are needed to evaluate how well interventions work in the general population with practicing clinicians (38) and how well they prevent or reduce comorbid depression and substance use disorders (8,17). Fourth, the field would benefit from studies that evaluate a broad range of potential risk factors at multiple levels, from biological and genetic characteristics that may predispose some disaster victims to poor mental health outcomes to other individual-and macro-level factors that increase vulnerability to mental disorders.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

Goldmann

Galea

2014

Annu. Rev. Public Health

832

824

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We present in this review the current state of disaster mental health research. In particular, we provide an overview of research on the presentation, burden, correlates, and treatment of mental disorders following disasters. We also describe challenges to studying the mental health consequences of disasters and discuss the limitations in current methodologies. Finally, we offer directions for future disaster mental health research.

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Section: Use Of Servicesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Post-disaster: Preventing and Treating Mental Health Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-disaster: Preventing and Treating Mental Health Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

Goldmann

Galea

2014

Annu. Rev. Public Health

832

824

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“…Among 3,015 Red Cross disaster workers, 10.7% utilized mental health services within the year following 9/11, and those with higher PTSD intrusion or hyperarousal symptoms were more likely to seek mental health treatment (Elhai et al, 2006). Notably, a number of the aforementioned studies reported rates of PTSD 2 to 3 years after the trauma, an exception to the majority of research on mental health outcomes following disaster, which focuses on the immediate aftermath of the event and concludes within the first year postdisaster (Difede & Cukor, 2009;Norris et al, 2002). Nevertheless, studies of rates of PTSD beyond 3 years are scarce.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal course of PTSD among disaster workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11th

Cukor

Wyka

Mello

et al. 2011

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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This study examined the long-term mental health outcomes of 2,960 nonrescue disaster workers deployed to the World Trade Center site in New York City following the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. Semistructured interviews and standardized self-report measures were used to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology 4 and 6 years after the attacks. Clinician-measured rates of PTSD and partial PTSD 4-years posttrauma were 8.4% and 8.9%, respectively, in a subsample of 727 individuals. Rates decreased to 5.8% and 7.7% for full and partial PTSD 6 years posttrauma. For the larger sample, self-report scores revealed probable PTSD and partial PTSD prevalence to be 4.8% and 3.6% at 4 years, and 2.4% and 1.8% at 6 years. Approximately 70% of workers never met criteria for PTSD. Although PTSD rates decreased significantly over time, many workers remained symptomatic, with others showing delayed-onset PTSD. The strongest predictors of ongoing PTSD 6 years following 9/11 were trauma history (odds ratio (OR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.06, 4.85]); the presence of major depressive disorder 1-2 years following the trauma (OR = 2.80, 95% CI [1.17, 6.71]); and extent of occupational exposure (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.13, 1.51]). The implications of the findings for both screening and treatment of disaster workers are discussed.

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9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

et al. 2017

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Background The 11 September 2001 (9/11) attacks were unprecedented in magnitude and mental health impact. While a large body of research has emerged since the attacks, published reviews are few, and are limited by an emphasis on cross-sectional research, short time frame, and exclusion of treatment studies. Additionally, to date, there has been no systematic review of available longitudinal information as a unique data set. Consequently, knowledge regarding long-term trajectories of 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among highly exposed populations, and whether available treatment approaches effectively address PTSD within the context of mass, man-made disaster, remains limited. Methods The present review aimed to address these gaps using a systematic review of peer-reviewed reports from October 2001 to May 2016. Eligible reports were of longitudinal studies of PTSD among highly exposed populations. We identified 20 reports of 9/11-related PTSD, including 13 longitudinal prevalence studies and seven treatment studies. Results Findings suggest a substantial burden of 9/11-related PTSD among those highly exposed to the attack, associated with a range of sociodemographic and back-ground factors, and characteristics of peri-event exposure. While most longitudinal studies show declining rates of prevalence of PTSD, studies of rescue/recovery workers have documented an increase over time. Treatment studies were few, and generally limited by methodological shortcomings, but support exposure-based therapies. Conclusion Future directions for research, treatment, and healthcare policy are discussed.

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Evidence-Based Long-Term Treatment of Mental Health Consequences of Disasters among Adults

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

The longitudinal course of PTSD among disaster workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11th

9/11-related PTSD among highly exposed populations: a systematic review 15 years after the attack

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