Evidence-Based Efficacy of Kampo Formulas in a Model of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Fujimoto, Makoto; Tsuneyama, Koichi; Kainuma, Mosaburo; Sekiya, Nobuyasu; Goto, Hirozo; Takano, Yasuo; Terasawa, Katsutoshi; Selmi, Carlo; Gershwin, M. Eric; Shimada, Yutaka

doi:10.3181/0707-rm-207

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…TJ-48 was confirmed to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects in the liver in a previous animal experiment [22]. There have been only 1 basic study [12] and 1 retrospective clinical study [13] on the effects of JHMs on NAFLD, and TJ-25 showed positive effects in both those studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…There has been only 1 report on the effects of JHMs on animal models of NAFLD in which a high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbit model was studied [12]. Although TJ-25 improved lipid profiles and oxidative stress, no JHMs examined significantly improved the plasma AST or ALT levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since JHMs are thought to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities [9]–[11], they might be effective in the treatment for NASH. However, to date, only 2 studies have examined the effects of JHMs on NAFLD (i.e., 1 basic study on sho-saiko-to (TJ-9), keishi-bukuryo-gan (TJ-25), and oren-gedoku-to (TJ-15) [12] and 1 retrospective clinical study on TJ-25 [13]). However, the pathological and molecular analyses of the liver tissues are not complete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibitory Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicines Sho-saiko-to and Juzen-taiho-to on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice

et al. 2014

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Although Japanese herbal medicines (JHMs) are widely used in Japan, only a few studies have investigated their effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the present study, we examined the effect of 4 kinds of JHMs [sho-saiko-to (TJ-9), inchin-ko-to (TJ-135), juzen-taiho-to (TJ-48), and keishi-bukuryo-gan (TJ-25)] on a mouse model of NASH. Db/db mice were divided into 6 groups: control diet (control), methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD), and MCD diet supplemented with TJ-9, TJ-135, TJ-48, and TJ-25 (TJ-9, TJ-135, TJ-48, and TJ-25, respectively). All mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks of treatment, and biochemical, pathological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels and liver histology, including necroinflammation and fibrosis, were significantly alleviated in the TJ-9 and TJ-48 groups compared with the MCD group. The expression level of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA in the liver was significantly suppressed by TJ-48. Although the differences were not statistically significant, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were lower, and those of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)γ were higher in the TJ-9 and/or TJ-48 groups than in the MCD group. Similarly, even though the results were not statistically significant, malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues were lower in the TJ-9 and TJ-48 groups than in the MCD group. We showed that JHMs, especially TJ-9 and TJ-48, inhibited the necroinflammation and fibrosis in the liver of a mouse model of NASH, even though the mechanisms were not fully elucidated. Further studies are needed in the future to investigate the possibility of clinical application of these medicines in the treatment for NASH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibitory Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicines Sho-saiko-to and Juzen-taiho-to on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice

et al. 2014

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“…Studies with an experimental model demonstrated that extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis significantly decreased the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of rats fed a high-fat diet [20] . Scutellaria baicalensis also reduces plasma triglyceride levels in humans [21] , inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia [22] , and improves lipid profiles in a dietary model of NAFLD [23] . However, the molecular basis of pharmacological mechanisms of these hypolipidemic effects is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term baicalin administration ameliorates metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats given a high-fat diet

et al. 2009

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Aim: Baicalin, one of the major flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of baicalin on metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis have not been investigated. Methods: Body weight was examined in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats with or without baicalin treatment. At the end of the experiment, serum biochemical parameters, liver histology and lipid profile were analyzed to assess whether the animals were suffering from metabolic disorders or hepatic steatosis. In the liver, the phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the gene expression of some enzymes involved in lipogenesis were examined. The effects of baicalin on the phosphorylation of AMPK and lipid accumulation induced by high glucose in human hepatoma HepG2 cells were also examined. Results: Baicalin (80 mg/kg) administered ip for 16 weeks suppressed body weight gain in HFD-fed rats. Weight reduction was accompanied by the reduction of visceral fat mass. Baicalin significantly decreased the elevated serum cholesterol, free fatty acid and insulin concentrations caused by the HFD. Baicalin also suppressed systemic inflammation by reducing the serum level of tumor necrosis factor α. Baicalin reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and down-regulated genes involved in lipogenesis, including fatty acid synthase and its upstream regulator SREBP-1c. In HepG2 cells, baicalin (5 and 10 µmol/L) increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased lipid accumulation following the addition of high glucose. Conclusion: Our study suggests that baicalin might have beneficial effects on the development of hepatic steatosis and obesity-related disorders by targeting the hepatic AMPK.

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“…(RO)) administered to HFD-fed rodents for a period of 15 weeks resulted in an increase in level of adiponectin, an increase in level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, the upregulation of PPAR- γ , and elevated GSH level in hepatic tissue [63]. Fujimoto et al found that oral administration of Kampo formula keishibukuryogan (KBG) (components: cortex of Cinnamomum cassia J. Presl, radix of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., semen of Prunus persica Batsch, Poria cocos Wolf., and cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) for twelve weeks resulted in significant reductions in hepatic TG, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in a rabbit model of NASH [64]. In addition, Zhang et al showed that SNN alleviated hepatosteatosis and improved lipid profiles in Wistar rats that had been exposed to a high caloric diet [65].…”

Section: Recent Studies Of Tcm For Treatment Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Western and Traditional Chinese Medical Approaches to Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Hsu

Sheen

Lin

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease of attention because of increase in prevalence from 20% to 41%. The clinical and pathological conditions in patients with NAFLD range from steatosis alone to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis to hepatic cancer. In the United States, NAFLD was the second-leading indication for liver transplant between 2004 and 2013. Although imaging studies such as magnetic resonance elastography and the use of diagnostic panels and scoring systems can provide a fairly accurate diagnosis of NAFLD, there are few treatment options for patients with mild to moderate disease other than lifestyle modification. Many of the currently used medical treatments have been shown to cause severe side effects and some have been shown to be associated with increased risk for certain types of cancer. In recent years, a number of traditional Chinese herbal treatments have been examined for their potential uses as treatment for NAFLD. In this review, we provide a general overview of NAFLD and a survey of Western pharmacologic drugs currently used to treat the disease as well as the results of recent studies on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal remedies for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Evidence-Based Efficacy of Kampo Formulas in a Model of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Inhibitory Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicines Sho-saiko-to and Juzen-taiho-to on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice

Inhibitory Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicines Sho-saiko-to and Juzen-taiho-to on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice

Long-term baicalin administration ameliorates metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats given a high-fat diet

A Review of Western and Traditional Chinese Medical Approaches to Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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