Evidence-Based Effectiveness of Vaccination Against Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni in Feedlot Cattle for Mitigating the Incidence and Effect of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Larson, Robert L.; Step, D. L.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.12.005

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In feedlots, BRD is primarily managed through administration of vaccines and antimicrobial agents. Vaccination is typically for viruses and to a lesser extent, for bacteria such as M. haemolytica , although efficacy has been variable (Larson and Step, 2012). In contrast, antimicrobial agents such as ceftiofur, florfenicol, tulathromycin, and tilmicosin have been shown to reduce morbidity when used metaphylactically on high-risk cattle entering feedlots (Taylor et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to tulathromycin in Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period

et al. 2013

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Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle were tested for tulathromycin resistance. Cattle were sampled over a 3-year period, starting 12 months after approval of tulathromycin for prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease. Nasopharyngeal samples from approximately 5,814 cattle were collected when cattle entered feedlots (N = 4) and again from the same cattle after ≥60 days on feed. The antimicrobial use history for each animal was recorded. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 796 (13.7%) entry samples and 1,038 (20.6%) ≥ 60 days samples. Of the cattle positive for M. haemolytica, 18.5, 2.9, and 2.4% were administered therapeutic concentrations of tulathromycin, tilmicosin, or tylosin tartrate, respectively. In addition, 13.2% were administered subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin phosphate in feed. In years one and two, no tulathromycin-resistant M. haemolytica were detected, whereas five isolates (0.4%) were resistant in year three. These resistant isolates were collected from three cattle originating from a single pen, were all serotype 1, and were genetically related (≥89% similarity) according to pulsed-field gel electrophoreses patterns. The five tulathromycin-resistant isolates were multi-drug resistant also exhibiting resistance to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, ampicillin, or penicillin. The macrolide resistance genes erm(42), erm(A), erm(B), erm(F), erm(X) and msr(E)-mph(E), were not detected in the tulathromycin-resistant M. haemolytica. This study showed that tulathromycin resistance in M. haemolytica from a general population of feedlot cattle in western Canada was low and did not change over a 3-year period after tulathromycin was approved for use in cattle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to tulathromycin in Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period

et al. 2013

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“…To date, vaccination has shown inconsistent efficacy against M. haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni infection in feedlot cattle (7). As a result, antimicrobials are often the primary management practice used to reduce the incidence of BRD in large feedlots.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease in North American Feedlots Conferring Multidrug Resistance via Integrative Conjugative Elements

et al. 2014

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In this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. Nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 BRD mortalities in Alberta, Canada (n ‫؍‬ 42), Texas (n ‫؍‬ 6), and Nebraska (n ‫؍‬ 20) were screened using PCR for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza type 3 virus, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. Excepting bovine herpesvirus 1, all agents were detected. M. haemolytica (91%) and BVDV (69%) were the most prevalent, with cooccurrence in 63% of the cattle. Isolates of M. haemolytica (n ‫؍‬ 55), P. multocida (n ‫؍‬ 8), and H. somni (n ‫؍‬ 10) from lungs were also collected. Among M. haemolytica isolates, a clonal subpopulation (n ‫؍‬ 8) was obtained from a Nebraskan feedlot. All three bacterial pathogens exhibited a high rate of antimicrobial resistance, with 45% exhibiting resistance to three or more antimicrobials. M. haemolytica (n ‫؍‬ 18), P. multocida (n ‫؍‬ 3), and H. somni (n ‫؍‬ 3) from Texas and Nebraska possessed integrative conjugative elements (ICE) that conferred resistance for up to seven different antimicrobial classes. ICE were shown to be transferred via conjugation from P. multocida to Escherichia coli and from M. haemolytica and H. somni to P. multocida. ICE-mediated multidrug-resistant profiles of bacterial BRD pathogens could be a major detriment to many of the therapeutic antimicrobial strategies currently used to control BRD.

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“…Immunization with the IbpA DR2 subunit from H. somni was demonstrated to partially protect against bacterial infection in a natural host (16,30). However, further studies will be necessary to determine the immunogenic properties of the different virulence factors involved in H. somni infection, since the evidence for protection against pneumonia by current vaccines remains controversial (29,48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These immune evasive strategies probably contribute to the failure of currently available vaccines to provide complete protection against these pathogens (24,29,48). Consequently, the combination of multiple antigens in an enriched vaccine may provide more effective protection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two Outer Membrane Lipoproteins from Histophilus somni Are Immunogenic in Rabbits and Sheep and Induce Protection against Bacterial Challenge in Mice

Guzmán-Brambila¹,

Rojas-Mayorquín²,

Flores-Samaniego³

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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dHistophilus somni is an economically important pathogen of cattle and other ruminants and is considered one of the key components of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex, the leading cause of economic loss in the livestock industry. BRD is a multifactorial syndrome, in which a triad of agents, including bacteria, viruses, and predisposing factors or "stressors," combines to induce disease. Although vaccines against H. somni have been used for many decades, traditional bacterins have failed to demonstrate effective protection in vaccinated animals. Hence, the BRD complex continues to produce strong adverse effects on the health and well-being of stock and feeder cattle. The generation of recombinant proteins may facilitate the development of more effective vaccines against H. somni, which could confer better protection against BRD. In the present study, primers were designed to amplify, clone, express, and purify two recombinant lipoproteins from H. somni, p31 (Plp4) and p40 (LppB), which are structural proteins of the outer bacterial membrane. The results presented here demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that when formulated, an experimental vaccine enriched with these two recombinant lipoproteins generates high antibody titers in rabbits and sheep and exerts a protective effect in mice against septicemia induced by H. somni bacterial challenge.

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Evidence-Based Effectiveness of Vaccination Against Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni in Feedlot Cattle for Mitigating the Incidence and Effect of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Susceptibility to tulathromycin in Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period

Susceptibility to tulathromycin in Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period

Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease in North American Feedlots Conferring Multidrug Resistance via Integrative Conjugative Elements

Two Outer Membrane Lipoproteins from Histophilus somni Are Immunogenic in Rabbits and Sheep and Induce Protection against Bacterial Challenge in Mice

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