Evidence against the Dorag (mixing-zone) model for dolomitization along the Wisconsin arch�A case for hydrothermal diagenesis

Luczaj, John

doi:10.1306/01130605077

Cited by 55 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs are important, comprising about half of the carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs worldwide [96]. Recent research has suggested that hydrothermal alteration can increase the porosity and permeability of dolomite reservoirs substantially and is an important factor affecting the development and distribution of dolomite reservoirs [24,25,[97][98][99][100][101]. The Tarim basin is one of the most important petroliferous basins in China and contains a lower Palaeozoic carbonate series, which is also an important hydrocarbon reservoir.…”

Section: Implications For Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrothermal dolomite and hydrothermally altered dolomite are important hydrocarbon reservoirs (e.g., [22][23][24][25]). Geologically pervasive silica-rich hydrothermal fluids derived from sources, such as deep formation brines or magma intrusions (e.g., [26][27][28]), can react with dolomite to form talc in carbonate reservoirs, influencing the reservoirs' physical properties [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

et al. 2017

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The metamorphic interaction between carbonate and silica-rich fluid is common in geological environments. The formation of talc from dolomite and silica-rich fluid occurs at low temperatures in the metamorphism of the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -CO 2 -H 2 O system and plays important roles in the formation of economically viable talc deposits, the modification of dolomite reservoirs, and other geological processes. However, disagreement remains over the conditions of talc formation at low temperatures. In this study, in situ Raman spectroscopy, quenched scanning electron microscopy, micro-X-ray diffraction, and thermodynamic calculations were used to explore the interplay between dolomite and silica-rich fluids at relatively low temperatures in fused silica tubes. Results showed that talc formed at ≤200 ∘ C and low CO 2 partial pressures (PCO 2 ). The reaction rate increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing PCO 2 . The major contributions of this study are as follows: (1) we confirmed the formation mechanism of Mg-carbonate-hosted talc deposits and proved that talc can form at ≤200 ∘ C; (2) the presence of talc in carbonate reservoirs can indicate the activity of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids; and (3) the reactivity and solubility of silica require further consideration, when a fused silica tube is used as the reactor in high P-T experiments.

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Section: Implications For Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

et al. 2017

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“…Dip-slip and strike-slip faults are present within the study area, based upon water well records and quarry exposures, but few are directly observed because they are concealed by extensive Pleistocene glacial drift [23][24][25]. The carbonate rocks throughout the study area are completely dolomitized over all stratigraphic intervals.…”

Section: Geologic Setting Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geochemical interpretations for the origin of the dolomite and MVT mineralization in eastern Wisconsin were in stark contrast with one another until conclusive data were presented that supported a hydrothermal origin for both [22,23]. This hydrothermal system was interpreted to be a distinct, unrelated flow system from the one that formed the Upper Mississippi Valley ore district.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subeconomic MVT mineralization extends throughout the entire region of eastern Wisconsin into the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Luczaj [22,23] used petrographic, isotopic, and fluid-inclusion data to propose a common hydrothermal origin for the MVT mineralization, pervasive epigenetic dolomitization, and K-silicate mineralization in the region. His research mainly focused on an evaluation of the mixing-zone versus hydrothermal epigenetic dolomitization models for the formation of pervasively dolomitized strata in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Characterization of Trace MVT Mineralization in Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks of Northeastern Wisconsin, USA

2016

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Disseminated Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) mineralization occurs throughout northeastern Wisconsin, USA, and is recognized as the source of regionally extensive natural groundwater contamination in the form of dissolved arsenic, nickel, and other related metals. Although considerable attention has been given to arsenic contamination of groundwater in the region, limited attention has been focused on characterizing the bedrock sources of these and other metals. A better understanding of the potential sources of groundwater contamination is needed, especially in areas where groundwater is the dominant source of drinking water. This article describes the regional, stratigraphic, and petrographic distribution of MVT mineralization in Paleozoic rocks of northeastern Wisconsin, with a focus on sulfide minerals. Whole-rock geochemical analysis performed on 310 samples of dolomite, sandstone, and shale show detectable levels of arsenic, nickel, cobalt, copper, lead, zinc, and other metals related to various sulfide mineral phases identified using scanning electron microscopy. MVT minerals include pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, fluorite, celestine, barite, and others. We describe the first nickel-and cobalt-bearing sulfide mineral phases known from Paleozoic strata in the region. Arsenic, nickel, and cobalt are sometimes present as isomorphous substitutions in pyrite and marcasite, but discrete mineral phases containing nickel and cobalt elements are also observed, including bravoite and vaesite. Locally abundant stratigraphic zones of sulfide minerals occur across the region, especially in the highly enriched Sulfide Cement Horizon at the top of the Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone. Abundant quantities of sulfides also appear near the contact between the Silurian Mayville Formation and the underlying Maquoketa and Neda formations in certain areas along and east of the Niagara escarpment. This article illustrates how a detailed geochemical and mineralogical investigation can yield a better understanding of groundwater quality problems.

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In situ geochemistry of middle Ordovician dolomites of the upper Mississippi valley

Callen

Herrmann

2018

The Depositional Record

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The dolomitization and diagenetic history of Ordovician carbonates of southern Wisconsin is complex. Previous studies attributed dolomitization to various diagenetic factors and environments. In this study, high‐resolution, in situ laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry analysis of rare earth element patterns of dolomite was used to assess the diagenetic fluids responsible for dolomitization of the Ordovician Decorah Formation. Integrated geochemical data and petrographic evidence suggest that the dolostones are formed in two different diagenetic realms: shallow burial and hydrothermal. Shallow burial dolomites exhibit three distinct rare earth element patterns. Dolomite from the middle portion of the Guttenberg Member exhibits light rare earth element enrichment consistent with early burial dolomitization. Dolomites of the Carimona, Specht's Ferry and Lower Guttenberg members are often burrow associated and exhibit medium rare earth element enrichment associated with Fe‐oxide desorption in anoxic porewaters. Leaching of Mg from co‐occurring volcanic ash during alteration is a probable source that contributed to the dolomitization. Extensively dolomitized samples in the upper Guttenberg and Ion Member exhibit evidence of hydrothermal dolomitization. The relationship of these heavily dolomitized samples to interbedded limestones provides evidence for a recently proposed hydrothermal dolomitization model invoking pressure solution of calcite and precipitation of dolomite. These early burial and hydrothermal depositional models are consistent with models proposed for overlying and underlying Ordovician dolostones.

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Evidence against the Dorag (mixing-zone) model for dolomitization along the Wisconsin arch�A case for hydrothermal diagenesis

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

Geochemical Characterization of Trace MVT Mineralization in Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks of Northeastern Wisconsin, USA

In situ geochemistry of middle Ordovician dolomites of the upper Mississippi valley

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Evidence against the Dorag (mixing-zone) model for dolomitization along the Wisconsin arch�A case for hydrothermal diagenesis

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO3)2–SiO2–H2O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO3)2–SiO2–H2O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

Geochemical Characterization of Trace MVT Mineralization in Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks of Northeastern Wisconsin, USA

In situ geochemistry of middle Ordovician dolomites of the upper Mississippi valley

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An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures

An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg(CO₃)₂–SiO₂–H₂O Interaction at 100–200°C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures