Everything Augmented: On the Real in Augmented Reality

Abstract

What is augmented in Augmented Reality (AR)? In this paper, we review existing opinions and show how little consensus exists on this matter. Subsequently, we approach the question from a theoretical and technology-independent perspective. We identify spatial and content-based relationships between the virtual and the real as being decisive for AR and come to the conclusion that virtual content augments that to which it relates. Subsequently, we categorize different forms of AR based on what is augmented. We distinguish between augmented environments, augmented objects, augmented humans and augmented content and consider the possibility of augmented perception. The categories are illustrated with AR (art) works and conceptual differences between them are pointed out. Moreover, we discuss what the real contributes to AR and how it can shape (future) AR experiences. A summary of our findings and suggestions for future research and practice, such as research into multimodal and crossmodal AR, conclude the paper.

Experiencing Social Augmented Reality in Public Spaces

“…When we are outside and it starts to rain, our virtual partner should become wet too. In [19] similar examples of external stimuli that should prompt multisensorial startling behavior are mentioned.…”

Sustainability of Educational Technologies: An Approach to Augmented Reality Research

“…That is, it allows users to see and interact in real time with virtual images superimposed on the real world, which requires the participation of the individual for the precision and elaboration of messages and technological products [55]. Among its main characteristics, it is worth highlighting that AR is a mixed and interactive reality integrated in real-time that offers levels of interaction and modifies the information of the physical reality in which it is used [56,57].…”