Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US–Mexico border

Sabo, Samantha; Shaw, Susan; Ingram, Maia; Teufel-Shone, Nicolette I.; Carvajal, Scott C.; Zapien, Jill Guernsey de; Rosales, Cecilia; Redondo, Flor; Garcia, Gina; Rubio-Goldsmith, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.005

Cited by 84 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…What was surprising was that the Mexican immigrant women did not have higher perceived social stress than the Mexican American women, given the militarization of the border and widespread, increasing anti‐immigrant sentiment in Texas and the United States in the last several years (Sabo et al. ). More generally, immigration tends to produce stress.…”

Section: Meanings and Experiences Of Pregnancy And Mexican And Americmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas

Fleuriet

Sunil

2016

Med Anthropol Q

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We argue that changes over time in how ideas of stress are incorporated into understandings of pregnancy and motherhood among Mexican immigrant women living in the United States may affect the documented increase of low birth weight infants born to those women. Stress has consistently been linked to low birth weight, and pregnant Mexican American and Mexican immigrant women differ in levels of perceived social stress. What is lacking is an explanation for these differences. We utilize a subset of 36 ethnographic interviews with pregnant immigrant women from northern Mexico and Mexican Americans living in south Texas to demonstrate how meanings of pregnancy and motherhood increasingly integrate notions of stress the longer immigrant Mexican women live in the United States. We situate our results within anthropological and sociological research on motherhood in the United States and Mexico, anthropological research in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, and interdisciplinary research on Hispanic rates of low birth weight.

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Section: Meanings and Experiences Of Pregnancy And Mexican And Americmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas

Fleuriet

Sunil

2016

Med Anthropol Q

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“…Militarization is defined as the saturation of and pervasive encounters with immigration officials including local police enacting immigration and border enforcement policy with military style tactics and weapons (2). These enforcement measures are applied at ports of entry (POE), in the deserts, rivers, and mountains between POEs, and, increasingly, in public spaces, workplaces, and residential areas in the border region and elsewhere (3, 4). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The criminalization of immigration law erodes the legal protections that once covered non-citizens, subjecting ever-growing numbers to deportation (17–19). Further, there is growing evidence that border enforcement leads to maltreatment of persons that violates their civil and human rights through the excessive use of force and verbal and physical abuse (4, 14, 20). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spillover of US Immigration Policy on Citizens and Permanent Residents of Mexican Descent: How Internalizing â€œIllegalityâ€ Impacts Public Health in the Borderlands

Sabo

Lee

2015

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe militarization of the US–Mexico border region exacerbates the process of “Othering” Latino immigrants – as “illegal aliens.” The internalization of “illegality” can manifest as a sense of “undeservingness” of legal protection in the population and be detrimental on a biopsychological level.ObjectiveWe explore the impacts of “illegality” among a population of US citizen and permanent resident farmworkers of Mexican descent. We do so through the lens of immigration enforcement-related stress and the ability to file formal complaints of discrimination and mistreatment perpetrated by local immigration enforcement agents, including local police authorized to enforce immigration law.MethodsDrawing from cross-sectional data gathered through the National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health, “Challenges to Farmworker Health at the US–Mexico Border” study, a community-based participatory research project conducted at the Arizona–Sonora border, we compared Arizona resident farmworkers (N = 349) to Mexico-based farmworkers (N = 140) or Transnational farmworkers who cross the US–Mexico border daily or weekly to work in US agriculture.ResultsBoth samples of farmworkers experience significant levels of stress in anticipation of encounters with immigration officials. Fear was cited as the greatest factor preventing individuals from reporting immigration abuses. The groups varied slightly in the relative weight attributed to different types of fear.ConclusionThe militarization of the border has consequences for individuals who are not the target of immigration enforcement. These spillover effects cause harm to farmworkers in multiple ways. Multi-institutional and community-centered systems for reporting immigration-related victimization is required. Applied participatory research with affected communities can mitigate the public health effects of state-sponsored immigration discrimination and violence among US citizen and permanent residents.

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“…It is possible that these participants may be visibly perceived as Mexican and felt concerned about unwanted attention from police in Mexico, or experiencing problems when attempting to re-enter the U.S. (Sabo et al, 2014). Conversely, it is also possible that this reflects a sub-group of participants with few ties to Mexico, or perhaps to this region of Mexico in particular.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-border injection drug use and HIV and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California

Horyniak

Wagner

Armenta

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background The prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are significantly lower among people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Diego, CA, USA compared with PWID in Tijuana, Mexico, located directly across the border. We investigated associations between cross-border injection drug use (IDU), HIV and HCV seroprevalence and engagement in injecting risk behaviours while on each side of the border. Methods Using baseline interviews and serologic testing data from STAHR II, a longitudinal cohort study of PWID in San Diego, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between recent (past six months) cross-border IDU and HIV and HCV antibody seropositivity, socio-demographics, drug use characteristics, and participants’ connections to, and perceptions about Mexico. Chi-squared tests and McNemar tests examined associations between cross-border IDU and injecting risk behaviours. Results Of the 567 participants (93% US-born, 73% male, median age 45 years), 86 (15%) reported recent cross-border IDU. Cross-border IDU was not associated with HIV (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.37–1.95) or HCV seropositivity (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.62–1.65). Age, identifying as Hispanic or Latino/a, and being concerned about risk of violence when travelling to Mexico were independently associated with decreased odds of recent cross-border IDU. Injecting cocaine at least weekly, having ever lived in Mexico and knowing PWID who reside in Mexico were associated with increased odds of recent cross-border IDU. PWID who reported cross-border IDU were significantly less likely to engage in receptive needle sharing, equipment sharing, and public injection while in Mexico compared with in San Diego (all p<0.001). Conclusion Prevalence of HIV and HCV infection was similar among PWID who had and had not injected in Mexico, possibly due to practicing safer injecting while in Mexico. Research is needed to elucidate contextual factors enabling U.S. PWID to inject safely while in Mexico.

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Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US–Mexico border

Cited by 84 publications

References 28 publications

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas

The Spillover of US Immigration Policy on Citizens and Permanent Residents of Mexican Descent: How Internalizing â€œIllegalityâ€ Impacts Public Health in the Borderlands

Cross-border injection drug use and HIV and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California

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Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US–Mexico border

Cited by 84 publications

References 28 publications

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas

Stress, Pregnancy, and Motherhood: Implications for Birth Weights in the Borderlands of Texas

The Spillover of US Immigration Policy on Citizens and Permanent Residents of Mexican Descent: How Internalizing â€œIllegalityâ€ Impacts Public Health in the Borderlands

Cross-border injection drug use and HIV and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California

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About

The Spillover of US Immigration Policy on Citizens and Permanent Residents of Mexican Descent: How Internalizing â€œIllegalityâ€ Impacts Public Health in the Borderlands