Everyday Life Theories of Emotions in Conflicts From Bali, the Spanish Basque Country, and the German Ruhr Area

Abstract

This article presents findings from a cross-cultural study on emotions in conflicts in Bali, the Spanish Basque Country, and the German Ruhr Area. The study had two aims: (1) to investigate the ways in which individuals make sense of how emotions, their expressions, and interaction conflicts are interrelated and (2) to compare the findings from the three regions. A particular interest was to explore and compare everyday life emotion theories. Ten semistructured interviews were conducted in each region. This method was triangulated with cross-cultural narrative interpretations and the task of relating emotion words to conflicts. The data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The results show that partly different emotions were related to conflicts in the three datasets and that similar emotions may differ in antecedents, conceptual foundation, and behavioral consequences. Emotions similar to anger were commonly related to conflicts. In Bali, this emotion was mainly expressed through silence and rather hypocognated. The respective emotions received a deeper conceptual analysis and also served as conflict models in the other regions. Emotions similar to pride were related to the prolongation of conflicts in the Basque Country, considered causes of conflicts in the Ruhr Area, but were not related to conflicts in Bali. All three datasets show that the main indicators used to ascribe emotions to others are not facial expressions but subtle nuances and omissions of typical behavior and conventionalized signs. In the Basque Country, the emotions respeto and confianza form a continuum for the codification of interpersonal distance that produces different levels of expressiveness. These emotions act as a culture-specific socioemotional means of emotion regulation. The Balinese emotion lek has a similar function, as it neutralizes emotions similar to anger at their onset, acting as a substitute for deliberate forms of emotion regulation. All three datasets indicate that a hydraulic model is employed to conceptualize emotions, although the suppression of expressions is not pathologized in Bali but considered rather difficult to achieve. The communicative imaginaries of how emotions are experienced were surprisingly similar, with the exception that in Bali emotions are situated in the liver and described with a gustatory nomenclature.

A Communication-Ecological Account of Groups

“…Narrations can nevertheless entail pre-reflective relations. To synthesize these relations, not the figure of the narrations but their backgrounds have to be examined ( Kurilla, 2013 , 2020b ). Under this condition, narrative interviews deliver a research-pragmatic substitute for participant observation.…”

Intersektionale Kommunikation im Alter: Zur Differenz von interpersonaler Kommunikation und Intergruppenkommunikation

“…Im Alltag ist die Anwendung von solchen Kategorien angesichts ihrer Grenzen ohnehin stets problematisch. 12 Dennoch mögen sich vermeintliche Millennials durchaus selbst als solche identifizieren, was sicher mit dem medialen Echo globaler Reichweite auf solche Kategorien und dessen wirtschaftlicher Ausschöpfung (Bartels 2001) (Kurilla 2013(Kurilla , 2020b.…”

“…In balinesischen Alltagstheorien erscheint ein höheres Alter zudem in Bezug auf die Emotions-und sekundär auch auf die Ausdrucksregulation als eine Errungenschaft (Kurilla 2013(Kurilla , 2020b. Anders als Geertz (1987) Von Altersgrenzen überschreitender »Intergruppenkommunikation« lässt sich nach dem hier vorgelegten Verständnis sinnvollerweise nur dann sprechen, wenn mindestens zwei Gruppen im oben eingeführten Sinne miteinander interagieren.…”

“Kung Flu”—The Dynamics of Fear, Popular Culture, and Authenticity in the Anatomy of Populist Communication

“…This is most obvious in the case of love in intimate relationships and families (Luhmann, 1983;Honneth, 2003). Even anger can provide the basis of human interaction such as in certain types of conflicts, particularly in quarrels (Kurilla, 2013;Kurilla, 2020a). Jealousy and envy, each in its distinctive way, are characteristic for certain types of communication processes in triangular relationships (Simmel, 1908).…”