Event‐triggered load frequency control of smart grids under deception attacks

Abstract

This paper shows a result for the load frequency control with event-triggering mechanism under deception attacks. Specifically, the event-triggering mechanism and deception attacks are considered in the dynamic model of power systems. The event-triggering is used to reduce the frequency of controller update and communication between nodes. The H ∞ controller is designed and the stability of the system is guaranteed by utilising the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method and truncated Bessel-Legendre inequality. Finally, a three-area interconnected networked power system is given and the simulated results are presented to show the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Resilient and event‐triggered sliding mode load frequency control for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks

“…As mentioned in [31], the state equation of multi‐area power systems is given as follows: $$\begin{align} {\left\lbrace \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{l}\dot{x}(t) = Ax(t) + Bu(t) + F\omega (t), \\[5pt] y(t) = Cx(t), \end{array} \right.} \end{align}$$ …”

“…Compared to the authors' previous works [30,31], the main contributions of this paper are as follows:…”

“…3) The expected integral terms are well solved by utilizing the second-order canonical Bessel-Legendre inequality, which greatly reduces the conservativeness problem caused by the L-K functional method, and a less conservative stability criterion is obtained than that of [31] by the truncated Bessel-Legendre integral inequality.…”

“…Compared to the authors' previous works [30, 31], the main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1)We present a multi‐area power system model under hybrid cyber‐attacks, and a sliding mode LFC scheme based on a resilient event‐triggered strategy is proposed to solve the security control problem of multi‐area power systems. In view of the existence of hybrid cyber‐attacks, a Luenberger observer is introduced to construct the interconnected power systems model. 2)The integral sliding mode surface is constructed and the asymptotic stability criterion of a closed‐loop interconnected power system is derived by combining the resilient event‐triggered strategy.…”

“…In view of the existence of hybrid cyber‐attacks, a Luenberger observer is introduced to construct the interconnected power systems model. 2)The integral sliding mode surface is constructed and the asymptotic stability criterion of a closed‐loop interconnected power system is derived by combining the resilient event‐triggered strategy. Furthermore, a sliding mode controller is designed to ensure that the running trajectory of the closed‐loop interconnected power system can be controlled on a given sliding mode surface. 3)The expected integral terms are well solved by utilizing the second‐order canonical Bessel–Legendre inequality, which greatly reduces the conservativeness problem caused by the L‐K functional method, and a less conservative stability criterion is obtained than that of [31] by the truncated Bessel–Legendre integral inequality.…”