Event-Related Potentials Elicited by Face and Face Pareidolia in Parkinson’s Disease

Akdeniz, Gülsüm; Vural, Gönül; Gümüşyayla, Şadiye; Bektaş, Hesna; Denız, Orhan

doi:10.1155/2020/3107185

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…On the other hand, EEG demonstrates that brain processing of faces and face-like images differ already at earlier stages. Compared with face-like images, faces elicit a larger amplitude and shorter latency of the N170 component of ERP 142 , 143 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia

et al. 2022

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Faces are valuable signals for efficient social interaction. Yet, social cognition including the sensitivity to a coarse face scheme may be deviant in schizophrenia (SZ). Tuning to faces in non-face images such as shadows, grilled toasts, or ink blots is termed face pareidolia. This phenomenon is poorly investigated in SZ. Here face tuning was assessed in 44 male participants with SZ and person-by-person matched controls by using recently created Face-n-Thing images (photographs of non-face objects to a varying degree resembling a face). The advantage of these images is that single components do not automatically trigger face processing. Participants were administered a set of images with upright and inverted (180° in the image plane) orientation. In a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, they had to indicate whether an image resembled a face. The findings showed that: (i) With upright orientation, SZ patients exhibited deficits in face tuning: they provided much fewer face responses than controls. (ii) Inversion generally hindered face pareidolia. However, while in neurotypical males, inversion led to a drastic drop in face impression, in SZ, the impact of orientation was reduced. (iii) Finally, in accord with the signal detection theory analysis, the sensitivity index (d-prime) was lower in SZ, whereas no difference occurred in decision criterion. The outcome suggests altered face pareidolia in SZ is caused by lower face sensitivity rather than by alterations in cognitive bias. Comparison of these findings with earlier evidence confirms that tuning to social signals is lower in SZ, and warrants tailored brain imaging research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia

et al. 2022

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“…Individuals with premanifest Huntington's disease (characterized by aberrant social cognition [87]) show a decrease in the N170 component of ERP elicited by the face-like non-face images, and this decline is positively linked with the number of recognition errors, severity of apathy and global cognitive abilities [88]. In Parkinson's patients (mostly males), the latencies and amplitudes of N170 and vertex positive potential (VPP) ERP responses to both faces and face-like stimuli are increased, and the amplitude of N250 responses is decreased as compared to healthy controls [89]. In patients with migraine, alterations in N170 and VVP are reported during perception of non-face face-like stimuli [90].…”

Section: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face pareidolia in the brain: Impact of gender and orientation

et al. 2020

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Research on face sensitivity is of particular relevance during the rapidly evolving Covid-19 pandemic leading to social isolation, but also calling for intact interaction and sharing. Humans possess high sensitivity even to a coarse face scheme, seeing faces in non-face images where real faces do not exist. The advantage of non-face images is that single components do not trigger face processing. Here by implementing a novel set of Face-n-Thing images, we examined (i) how face tuning alters with changing display orientation, and (ii) whether it is affected by observers’ gender. Young females and males were presented with a set of Face-n-Thing images either with canonical upright orientation or inverted 180° in the image plane. Face impression was substantially impeded by display inversion. Furthermore, whereas with upright display orientation, no gender differences were found, with inversion, Face-n-Thing images elicited face impression in females significantly more often. The outcome sheds light on the origins of the face inversion effect in general. Moreover, the findings open a way for examination of face sensitivity and underwriting brain networks in neuropsychiatric conditions related to the current pandemic (such as depression and anxiety), most of which are gender/sex-specific.

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“…Existing face pareidolia research in humans indicates significant individual differences in this phenomenon (Smailes et al, 2020; Zhou & Meng, 2020). In particular, links have been made between face pareidolia and proneness to experiencing hallucinations—particularly in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease with Lewy body dementia (Akdeniz et al, 2020; Uchiyama et al, 2012; Yokoi et al, 2014). In these studies, patients have exhibited the experience of visual hallucinations, including intensified experiences of pareidolic illusions, when assessed using both behavioural and electrophysiological measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objects that induce face pareidolia are prioritized by the visual system

Caruana

Seymour

2021

British J of Psychology

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The human visual system has evolved specialized neural mechanisms to rapidly detect faces. Its broad tuning for facial features is thought to underlie the illusory perception of faces in inanimate objects, a phenomenon called face pareidolia. Recent studies on face pareidolia suggest that the mechanisms underlying face processing, at least at the early stages of visual encoding, may treat objects that resemble faces as real faces; prioritizing their detection. In our study, we used breaking continuous flash suppression (b‐CFS) to examine whether the human visual system prioritizes the detection of objects that induce face pareidolia over stimuli matched for object content. Similar to previous b‐CFS results using real face stimuli, we found that participants detected the objects with pareidolia faces faster than object‐matched control stimuli. Given that face pareidolia has been more frequently reported amongst individuals prone to hallucinations, we also explored whether this rapid prioritization is intact in individuals with schizophrenia, and found evidence suggesting that it was. Our findings suggest that face pareidolia engages a broadly tuned mechanism that facilitates rapid face detection. This may involve the proposed fast subcortical pathway that operates outside of visual awareness.

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Event-Related Potentials Elicited by Face and Face Pareidolia in Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia

Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia

Face pareidolia in the brain: Impact of gender and orientation

Objects that induce face pareidolia are prioritized by the visual system

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