Event-related potentials during an emotional Stroop task

Thomas, Susan J.; Johnstone, Stuart J.; Gonsalvez, Craig J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.10.002

Cited by 165 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In the present study, MDD participants had larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition compared with the other groups, while they had smaller P3 amplitude for sad faces in the negative priming condition, which suggested that the MDD participants had deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation of negative stimuli. Furthermore, enhanced and reduced N1, P1, and P3 amplitude of depression in different conditions was observed mainly at the parietal (P4） and occipital （O2） electrodes, which is largely consistent with previous ERP studies on cognitive inhibition in healthy populations (Kathmann et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2010;Thomas et al, 2007;Ceballos et al, 2003). In a recent first study combining the NAP task with ERP in MDD, it was also found that MDD participants had reduced central-parietal P2 amplitude for negative experimental trials, which is suggestive of cognitive disinhibition (Yao et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Dai

Feng

Koster³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The aim of the present study was to investigate distracter inhibition ability and facilitation for emotional faces in depression using a negative affective priming (NAP) task combined with event-related potentials (ERP). Participants were instructed to evaluate the valence of the target, which had been primed or inhibited on a preceding trial. The reaction times and the ERP amplitudes were recorded during the task. In a first behavioral experiment, control participants (NC), participants who were currently remitted (RMD), and participants diagnosed with a current major depressive disorder (MDD), performed a modified the NAP task.The main finding was that compared with NC groups, MDD participants had enhanced positive priming and less inhibition of sad faces. RMD individuals were characterized by general inhibitory impairments for all emotional faces and a facilitation for sad faces compared with NC individuals. In a second experiment combing the modified NAP task with ERP, the MDD participants had a larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition compared with the other groups, and smaller P3 amplitude for sad faces in negative priming condition compared with other faces. Interestingly, RMD participants showed a distinct pattern of results compared with NC and MDD participants. They had larger N1 amplitude for happy faces and larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition relative to the other conditions, while they had smaller P3 amplitude for both happy and sad faces in the negative priming condition. Across two experiments, it can be concluded that MDD participants have deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for negative stimuli. The RMD participants showed a mixed pattern of deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for both positive and negative stimuli, the results were largely consistent with our previous study.This deficiency has a high explanatory value for information-processing bias and the neuropsychological -3 -impairments observed in depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Dai

Feng

Koster³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Broyd et al, 2005, Dimoska and Johnstone, 2007, Dimoska and Johnstone, 2008, Dimoska et al, 2003, Smith et al, 2004, Smith et al, 2006, Smith et al, 2008, Thomas et al, 2007, Watson et al, 2005 which reduces the number of statistical comparisons made while optimally allowing for differences in the anterior-posterior and hemispheric dimensions (Picton et al, 2000, Smith et al, 2004, Watson et al, 2005.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence effects in the Go/NoGo task: Inhibition and facilitation

Thomas

Gonsalvez

Johnstone

2009

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Facilitation and inhibition are asymmetric aspects of attention that differentially affect response times (RTs), accuracy and neuroelectric activity in many experimental tasks. Both vary as a function of stimulus context, with stimulus repetitions, for example, often resulting in facilitation in terms of speed, accuracy or reduced neural activity. Although inhibition has been extensively studied in the Go/NoGo task, facilitation has been overlooked. Twenty healthy adults performed an adapted Go/NoGo task which manipulated levels of facilitation and inhibition. Event related potential (ERP) and behavioural measures were averaged according to preceding stimulus sequences. Established Go/NoGo effects for N2 and P3 components were replicated. Behavioural and ERP measures, however, showed strong sequence effects. Correlates of facilitation included reduced P1 and N1 latencies, and topographic effects in P1, to Go stimulus repetitions. Manipulations of inhibitory load through increasingGo before NoGo stimuli resulted in incremental increases in N1, P2 and N2 latencies. Several additional ERP and RT measures showed quadratic effects, with indications of facilitation or inhibition which reversed towards the end of longer stimulus trains. The results suggest that both facilitatory and inhibitory processes underlie performance in the Go/NoGo task. As Go stimuli are typically more frequently repeated than NoGo stimuli, the two processes may be confounded when sequence effects are not considered. Additionally, analysing stimuli by context indicates that the timing of the Go-P3 latency is closely related to responses, and the prolongation of N1, P2 and N2 with increasing difficulty of inhibition supports a possible relation of these components to inhibition. trains. The results suggest that both facilitatory and inhibitory processes underlie performance in the Go/NoGo task. As Go stimuli are typically more frequently repeated than NoGo stimuli, the two processes may be confounded when sequence effects are not considered.Additionally, analysing stimuli by context indicates that the timing of the Go-P3 latency is closely related to responses, and the prolongation of N1, P2 and N2 with increasing difficulty of inhibition supports a possible relation of these components to inhibition.

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“…However, there is also involvement of these early ERP components in cognitive paradigms, such as Location-based Priming (Gibbons et al 2006;Kathmann et al 2006) and emotional Stroop (S. J. Thomas et al 2007) tasks. To better understand the inhibitory processes that are linked to this early time window, we analyzed data from the ERP studies that were conducted with inhibitory paradigms, such as the Go/No-go, Stop-signal and Eriksen Flanker paradigms.…”

Section: Erps For Inhibition In the First 200 Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

et al. 2014

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In the previous fifteen years, a variety of experimental paradigms and methods have been employed to study inhibition. In the current review, we analyze studies that have used the high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique to identify the temporal course of inhibition to understand the various processes that contribute to inhibition. ERP studies with a focus on normal aging are specifically analyzed because they contribute to a deeper understanding of inhibition. Three time windows are proposed to organize the ERP data collected using inhibition paradigms: the 200 ms period following stimulus onset; the period between 200 and 400 ms after stimulus onset; and the period between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. In the first 200 ms, ERP inhibition research has primarily focused on N1 and P1 as the ERP components associated with inhibition. The inhibitory processing in the second time window has been associated with the N2 and P3 ERP components. Finally, in the third time window, inhibition has primarily been associated with the N400 and N450 ERP components. Source localization studies are analyzed to examine 2 the association between the inhibition processes that are indexed by the ERP components and their functional brain areas. Inhibition can be organized in a complex functional structure that is not constrained to a specific time point but, rather, extends its activity through different time windows. This review characterizes inhibition as a set of processes rather than a unitary process.

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Event-related potentials during an emotional Stroop task

Cited by 165 publications

References 72 publications

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Sequence effects in the Go/NoGo task: Inhibition and facilitation

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

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