Event-Related Potentials and Stimulus Repetition in Direct and Indirect Tests of Memory

Rugg, Michael D.; Doyle, Michael C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0283-7_5

Cited by 136 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This positivity resolves into a negativity a few hundred milliseconds later. The component seems to be equivalent to the repetition positivity described, for example, by Rugg and Doyle (1994). This positivity, which was less distinct in Experiment 2, was not the topic of our study, and, therefore, results concerning this component will not be reported.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 50%

Topographically distinct cortical activation in episodic long-term memory: The retrieval of spatial versus verbal information

1996

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Two experiments are reported to study slow potentials in the EEG during reactivation of spatial and verbal information. Subjects had to learn associations between drawings and one, two, or three mediators (locations in Experiment 1, nouns in Experiment 2). During recall, subjects had to decide whether or not two drawings were linked to each other by a common mediator. EEG was recorded during learning and recall. Both experiments were completely equivalent. Irrespective of the quality of the mediators, response time proved to be a linear function of the numbers of mediators to be recalled. Negative slow potentials that accompanied the reactivation of information during anticipation learning and cued recall had a material-specific topography: The maximum was found over the parietal cortex for spatial information and over the left frontal cortex for verbal information. Moreover, the amplitude at these scalp locations varied with the amount of the to-be-retrieved information, The results support the claim oftopographically distinct cell assemblies specialized for storage and retrieval of distinct kinds of information,

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 50%

Topographically distinct cortical activation in episodic long-term memory: The retrieval of spatial versus verbal information

1996

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“…Likewise, no simple episodic LTM account can explain why Block 2 is associated with a late identification pattern and Block 3 an early identification pattern when items in both blocks were subject to episodic LTM influences by virtue of being repeated. Also ruled out is the possibility that some form of repetition positivity [42] masked the frontal N350 identification effect and spuriously delayed ERP identification latencies in Blocks 2 and 3, as the repetition positivity was too small and too late (post 400 ms) to do so. In sum, then, neither working memory nor episodic LTM processes can account for the early versus late identification times previously reported and that we observed under similar conditions within the same individuals in any straightforward fashion [37,55].…”

Section: Why Not Memory?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be problematic given the known similarity in the time course and ERP componentry associated with identification and some LTM effects. For instance, relative to new ones, repeated items can evoke more posterior positivity (LPC) ∼300-900 ms [34,35,42]. In principle, then, if repetition positivity is larger for unidentified than identified objects, an ERP repetition effect can overlap and thereby eliminate an N350 identification effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological evidence for two processing times for visual object identification

Schendan

2002

Neuropsychologia

120

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Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to fragmented pictures of objects that were named correctly or were not to investigate the time course of visual object identification. The first ERP difference distinguishing identified from unidentified pictures estimates the upper limit of the time by which human brain regions have begun to activate long-term memory (LTM) representations specifying the identity of a visual object. Data from 15 young adults indicate that this time varies with the extent to which object parts are recoverable from the visual input, being ∼200 ms earlier with recoverable than unrecoverable parts. Successful identification is evident by ∼300 ms when object parts and overall structural configuration are readily recoverable but not until ∼550 ms when object parts are difficult or impossible to recover (i.e. too poorly specified by the available contours to be recovered). In both cases, successful identification is associated with greater relative positivity. However, unidentified recoverable pictures are associated with an enhanced frontal negativity (N350), linked to object matching operations, not seen for non-recoverable pictures. Taken together, these results implicate two distinct processing sequences in the successful identification of visual objects.

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“…E. Smith, 1993). Whether an ERP signature of perceptual priming exists is a topic of ongoing research with no clear consensus (PaUer et al, 1995;Paller & Gross, in press;Rugg & Doyle, 1994;Van Petten & Senkfor, 1996). The ERP literature on memory for printed words and pictures is fairly extensive, but only a handful of studies have used spoken words.…”

Section: Erps and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Who said what? An event-related potential investigation of source and item memory.

Senkfor¹,

Petten²

1998

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

184

176

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during recognition tasks for spoken words alone (items) or for both words and the voice of the speaker (sources). Neither performance nor ERP measures suggested that voice information was retrieved automatically during the item-recognition task. In both tasks, correctly recognized old words elicited more positive ERPs than new words, beginning around 400 ms poststimulus onset. In the source task only, old words also elicited a focal prefrontal positivity beginning about 700 ms. The prefrontal task effect did not distinguish trials with accurate and inaccurate voice judgments and is interpreted as reflecting the search for voice information in memory. More posterior recording sites were sensitive to the successful recovery of voice or source information. The results indicate that word and voice information were retrieved hierarchically and distinguish retrieval attempt from retrieval success.Everyone has had the experience of remembering a fact without being able to recall how it was learned. Remembering the source of one's knowledge is not always important, but in some cases, it may be critical for one's subsequent actions. If you own a cellular phone, it is important to remember whether the link between such phones and brain tumors was reported in the New England Journal of Medicine or the National Enquirer. Source memory can be broadly defined as memory for the context of a learning episode, encompassing perceptual features (e.g., the voice or face of a speaker who conveyed some information, visual or auditory modality of a word), spatial location, temporal sequence of events, and whether an event was imagined or actually took place (for a review, see Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993).A few recent neuropsychological studies have suggested that source memory is dissociable from other forms of memory. In a group of patients with amnesia subsequent to brain damage, Schacter, Harbluk, and McLachlan (1984) found that the level of impairment for remembering trivia facts was uncorrelated with performance in remembering which experimenter conveyed the facts that were recalled. Squire (1987, 1991) reported similar findings in both amnesic patients and those with temporary We are grateful to Ron Ohst for software support and to Sheryl Reminger for assistance with editing stimuli.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ava J. Senkfor, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0068. Electronic mall may be sent to asenkfor @ rosalind.ucsd.edu. memory impairment following electroconvulsive therapy. Janowsky, Shimamura, and Squire (1989) obtained a particularly clear dissociation between item and source memory in patients who were not generally amnesic. Patients with damage confined to the frontal lobe exhibited normal recall and recognition of trivia facts learned in the laboratory but a disproportionate number of errors of attributing their knowledge to an extraexperimental source. This demonstration that frontal cortex i...

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Event-Related Potentials and Stimulus Repetition in Direct and Indirect Tests of Memory

Cited by 136 publications

References 35 publications

Topographically distinct cortical activation in episodic long-term memory: The retrieval of spatial versus verbal information

Topographically distinct cortical activation in episodic long-term memory: The retrieval of spatial versus verbal information

Neurophysiological evidence for two processing times for visual object identification

Who said what? An event-related potential investigation of source and item memory.

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