Event-related Potential and Behavioural Differences in Affective Self-Referential Processing in Long-term Meditators versus Controls

Katyal, Sucharit; Hajcak, Greg; Flora, Tamara; Bartlett, Austin; Goldin, Philippe R.

doi:10.31231/osf.io/nfpsq

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In particular, the N2 amplitude was calculated as the average amplitude at the electrode sites of F1, F2, and Fz between 300 and 400 ms after the onset of instructive cues (Clayson & Larson, 2013; Xue et al., 2013). The LPP amplitude was calculated as the average amplitude at the electrode sites of P3, P4, and Pz between 300 and 600 ms after cue onset (Katyal et al., 2020; Schienle et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Xie

et al. 2021

Psychophysiology

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Voluntary forgetting of unwanted memories is an adaptive cognitive function. However, it remains unknown how voluntary forgetting of unwanted social feedback may influence subsequent memories and evaluations, and what the underlying neurocognitive processes are. Here, we presented participants with peer photos together with feedback indicating social acceptance or rejection, followed by “remember” or “forget” instructive cues, while electroencephalograms were recorded during the experiment. We examined the Directed Forgetting (DF) effect in a recognition memory test, and tested participants' explicit and implicit attitudes toward the peers using a social evaluation task and an affect misattribution procedure (AMP). Both the memory test and the AMP were examined immediately and 3 days after the DF task so to estimate both the instant and the long‐term effects of memory control. Behaviorally, immediate memory test showed smaller DF effect for positive than negative social feedback, which suggests that forgetting positive social feedback was more difficult than forgetting negative social feedback. Regarding the ERP results, although participants showed comparable frontal N2 amplitudes (reflecting inhibitory control efforts) following the instruction of forgetting positive and negative social feedback, positive feedback elicited larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes than negative feedback during initial encoding phase, suggesting an encoding bias for positive self‐relevant information. Intriguingly, voluntary efforts to forget negative social feedback enhanced people's explicit and implicit evaluations toward the feedback senders. These findings provide new evidence for the adaptive function of memory control, which broadens the influence of voluntary forgetting in the context of social interaction and social evaluation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Xie

et al. 2021

Psychophysiology

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“…Moreover, they reported no differences in long latency responses (LPP) (400–800 ms), corroborating with Sobolewski et al ( 2011 ) who studied Buddhist practices (CDM-OM), and reported LPP differences only in the frontal areas of the control group; and contrasting with Cosme and Wiens ( 2015 ) and Zhang et al ( 2019 ) who reported LPP differences between positive and negative pictures. Katyal et al ( 2020 ) explored a slightly different paradigm, the self-referential encoding task, which traditionally displays words related/unrelated to self, but here it was modified to employ self-related affective adjectives. They also reported LPP differences in the control group as opposed to Ananda Marga (NDM) meditators.…”

Section: Evoked Potentials/event Related Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Analysis on Characterizing the Meditation Experience Through the Electroencephalogram

Deolindo

Ribeiro

Aratanha

et al. 2020

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Meditation practices, originated from ancient traditions, have increasingly received attention due to their potential benefits to mental and physical health. The scientific community invests efforts into scrutinizing and quantifying the effects of these practices, especially on the brain. There are methodological challenges in describing the neural correlates of the subjective experience of meditation. We noticed, however, that technical considerations on signal processing also don't follow standardized approaches, which may hinder generalizations. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the usage of the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a tool to study meditation experiences in healthy individuals. We describe the main EEG signal processing techniques and how they have been translated to the meditation field until April 2020. Moreover, we examine in detail the limitations/assumptions of these techniques and highlight some good practices, further discussing how technical specifications may impact the interpretation of the outcomes. By shedding light on technical features, this article contributes to more rigorous approaches to evaluate the construct of meditation.

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“…Prior to the binocular rivalry study reported here, participants were administered a 6minute self-referential task, published elsewhere [23]. The present study involved the following sequence of blocks: 1) baseline audio, where participants kept their eyes closed and listened to a 524-second podcast, 2) five 80-sec runs of binocular rivalry (BR1), 3) 300 sec of chanting music for relaxation, 4) 1200-sec eyes-closed meditation, 5) five 80-sec runs of binocular rivalry (BR 2), 6) 900-sec eyes-closed meditation, and 7) five 80-sec runs of binocular rivalry (BR3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of non-judgmental perception induced through meditation

Katyal¹,

Goldin²

2020

Preprint

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Bistable perception tasks such as binocular rivalry demonstrate that human perception continually fluctuates, with limited ability to control it. Previous studies have shown that long-term mental training through contemplative practices can stabilise such perceptual fluctuations. In a sample of long-term meditators and matched meditation-naïve control participants, we used EEG to investigate the neural bases for such mental stabilisation. We measuring binocular rivalry alternations and subjective reports of mental stability before and after participants practiced meditation. Long-term meditators, but not controls, perceived significantly longer mixed rivalry following concentrative meditation practice, indicating a stabilised non-evaluative perceptual state. The increase in mixed rivalry across individuals was strongly correlated with reduced parieto-occipital gamma-band (30–50 Hz) phase-synchrony indicating that a non-evaluative stabilised perception involves disabling communication within the visual hierarchy. Both groups reported heightened subjective experiences of being in a non-evaluative and stable/equanimous state of mind following meditation practice. The degree of experiential heightening was strongly correlated with increased fronto-parietal gamma-band phase-synchrony. Our results show that (visual) perceptual content and the phenomenal quality of being in a non-evaluative stable mental state are processed in double-dissociated brain networks, thus indicating a simultaneous multi-level processing of conscious experience.

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Event-related Potential and Behavioural Differences in Affective Self-Referential Processing in Long-term Meditators versus Controls

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

A Critical Analysis on Characterizing the Meditation Experience Through the Electroencephalogram

Neural correlates of non-judgmental perception induced through meditation

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