Event centrality and posttraumatic outcomes in the context of pervasive violence: a study of teachers in El Salvador

Roland, Ashli; Currier, Joseph M.; Rojas-Flores, Lisseth; Herrera, Sofia

doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.835402

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Consistent with these expectations, numerous studies involving a variety of trauma populations have shown the CES to be a robust correlate of symptoms of PTSD (e.g., Robinaugh & McNally, 2011; Roland, Currier, Rojas-Flores, & Herrera, 2014; Wessel et al, 2014). This positive relationship between the CES and PTSD symptoms persists when controlling for such factors as severity of the traumatic event, depression, anxiety, dissociation, personality traits, repressive coping, and self-consciousness (e.g., Berntsen & Rubin, 2007; Boelen, 2012a; Fitzgerald, Berntsen, & Broadbridge, 2016; Lancaster, Kloep, Rodriguez, & Weston, 2013; Pinto-Gouveia, Castilho, Matos, & Xavier, 2013; Rubin, Boals, & Berntsen, 2008; Smeets, Giesbrecht, Raymaekers, Shaw, & Merckelbach, 2010).…”

Section: The Theoretical Background For the Ces And Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Psychological and clinical correlates of the Centrality of Event Scale: A systematic review

Gehrt

Berntsen

Hoyle

et al. 2018

Clinical Psychology Review

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The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) was introduced to examine the extent to which a traumatic or stressful event is perceived as central to an individual's identity and life story, and how this relates to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In addition, the CES has been examined in relation to a range of other conditions and dispositions. We present a systematic review of the correlates of the CES. Results from 92 publications resulted in 25 measurement categories in the six theoretical domains of trauma, negative affect and distress, autobiographical memory, personality, positive affect, and gender. The mean weighted correlations of the 25 measurement categories ranged from -.17 to .55, with standard errors from .01 to .02, allowing us to distinguish empirically among effects. Consistent with the theoretical motivation for the CES and predictions predating the review, the CES correlated positively with a range of measures, correlating most highly with measures related to trauma, PTSD, grief, and autobiographical memory. The findings show that the CES probes aspects of autobiographical memory of broad relevance to clinical disorders, and with specific implications for theories of PTSD.

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Section: The Theoretical Background For the Ces And Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Psychological and clinical correlates of the Centrality of Event Scale: A systematic review

Gehrt

Berntsen

Hoyle

et al. 2018

Clinical Psychology Review

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“…[14,39] In acting as mentors to students and their families, they are also likely to have vicarious and indirect exposure via hearing stories of their aftermath and witnessing the consequences of traumatic events. [38] These could be partly explained by the relatively high prevalence in our study, and differences in study measurements and assessing times should also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[34–37] Teachers in disaster areas are not only vulnerable for direct victimization common to all citizens, but may also face added challenges through their profession. [38] They often focus on reducing the posttraumatic stress symptoms of their students. [14,39] In acting as mentors to students and their families, they are also likely to have vicarious and indirect exposure via hearing stories of their aftermath and witnessing the consequences of traumatic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among teachers 3 months after the Lushan earthquake

Zhang

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Teachers and students often suffer from the same disaster. The prevalence of PTSD in students has been given great attention. However, in acting as mentors to students and their families, teachers are more likely to have vicarious and indirect exposure via hearing stories of their aftermath and witnessing the consequences of traumatic events. There are limited data pertaining to the prevalence of PTSD and its risk factors among teachers. A total of 316 teachers from 21 primary and secondary schools in Baoxing County were administered a project-developed questionnaire which included the items regarding demographic characteristics, earthquake-related experiences, somatic discomforts, emotional reactions, support status, and everyday functioning 2 weeks after the Lushan earthquake, and they finished a 1-to-1 telephone interview for addressing the PTSD criteria of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 3 months after the earthquake. The prevalence of PTSD was 24.4% among teachers. Somatic discomforts (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–3.37) were positive risk factors of PTSD. Perceived social support (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14–0.62) and being able to calm down (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.75) in teaching were negative risk factors. PTSD is commonly seen among teachers after an earthquake, and risk factors of PTSD were identified. These findings may help those providing psychological health programs to find the teachers who are at high risk of PTSD in schools after an earthquake in China.

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“…It is also a risk factor for victims involved in other types of trauma e.g. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychiatric Co-morbidity among Syrian Refugees of Different Ages: the Role of Trauma Centrality

et al. 2018

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It has been documented that trauma centrality is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity among Syrian refugees. Whether age would influence the levels of the above constructs and the association between trauma centrality and distress outcomes is unclear. This study compared age differences in 1) the levels of trauma centrality, posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity, and 2) models depicting the association between trauma centrality and distress outcomes among Syrian refugees. One thousand one hundred and ninety-seven refugees completed the Centrality of Event Scale, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire-28. Age groups were divided into young, middle-aged adults and adults of 45 or above. No significant group differences were found in the proportion of refugees meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Controlling for demographic variables, all subscales of trauma centrality and psychiatric co-morbidity were significantly different between groups. Young adults reported significantly less trauma centrality and psychiatric co-morbidity than the other groups. Multiple-indicator multiple-cause modelling showed that trauma centrality was significantly correlated with PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity. Multi-group analysis showed the model for the young adult group to be significantly different from the middle-aged group model. To conclude, age did not seem to influence the severity of PTSD among Syrian refugees. The war had a less severe impact on young adults' sense of self and other psychological problems than those who were older. The way in which young and middle-aged adults responded to distress varied depending on environment and personal characteristics.

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Event centrality and posttraumatic outcomes in the context of pervasive violence: a study of teachers in El Salvador

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Psychological and clinical correlates of the Centrality of Event Scale: A systematic review

Psychological and clinical correlates of the Centrality of Event Scale: A systematic review

Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among teachers 3 months after the Lushan earthquake

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychiatric Co-morbidity among Syrian Refugees of Different Ages: the Role of Trauma Centrality

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