Event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

Appelshäuser, H.; Bächler, J.; Bailey, S.; Barna, D.; Barnby, L. S.; Bartke, J.; Barton, R. A.; Betev, L.; Białkowska, H.; Billmeier, A.; Blyth, C. O.; Bock, R.; Boimska, B.; Bormann, C.; Brady, F. P.; Brockmann, R.; Brun, R.; Bunčić, P.; Caines, H.; Carr, Lincoln D.; Cebra, D.; Cooper, G. E.; Cramer, J. G.; Cristinziani, M.; Csató, P.; Dunn, J.; Eckardt, V.; Eckhardt, F.; Ferguson, M. I.; Fischer, H. G.; Flierl, D.; Fodor, Z.; Foka, P.; Freund, P.; Friese, V.; Fuchs, Markus; Gabler, F.; Gál, János; Ganz, R.; Gaździcki, M.; Geist, W.; Gładysz, E.; Grebieszkow, J.; Günther, J.; Harris, J. W.; Hegyi, S.; Henkel, Timothy P.; Hill, L. A.; Hümmler, Holm Gero; Igo, G.; Irmscher, D.; Jacobs, P.; Jones, P. G.; Kadija, K.; Колесников, В. И.; Kowalski, M.; Lasiuk, B.; Lévai, P.; Malakhov, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Melkumov, G. L.; Mock, A.; Molnár, J.; Nelson, J. M.; Oldenburg, M.; Odyniec, G.; Pálla, G.; Panagiotou, A.; Petridis, A.; Piper, Anne Marie; Porter, R.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Prindle, D.; Pühlhofer, F.; Reid, J. G.; Renfordt, R.; Retyk, W.; Ritter, H. G.; Röhrich, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, H.; Rybicki, A.; Sammer, T.; Sandoval, A.; Sann, H.; Semenov, A.; Schäfer, Erich; Schmischke, D.; Schmitz, N.; Schönfelder, Stefan; Seyboth, P.; Seyerlein, J.; Siklér, F.; Skrzypczak, E.; Snellings, Raimond; Squier, G.T.A.; Stock, R.; Ströbele, H.; Struck, C.; Šuša, T.; Szentpétery, I.; Sziklai, J.; Toy, M.; Trainor, T. A.; Trentalange, S.; Ullrich, T.; Vassiliou, M.; Veres, G. I.; Vesztergombi, G.; Voloshin, S.; Vranić, D.; Wang, F.; Weerasundara, D.; Wenig, S.; Whitten, C.; Wienold, T.; Wood, L.; Xu, N.; Yates, T. A.; Zimányi, J.; Zhu, X.; Zybert, R.

doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00673-5

Cited by 152 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[1,2,3]). Only recently, due to a rapid development of experimental techniques, first measurements of fluctuations of particle multiplicities [4] and transverse momenta [5] were performed. The study of event-by-event fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions (see e.g., reviews [6]) is motivated by expectations of anomalies in the vicinity of the onset of deconfinement [7] and in the case when the expanding system goes through the transition line between the quark-gluon plasma and the hadron gas [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions within an excluded volume hadron gas model

2007

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions within an excluded volume hadron gas model

2007

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“…Fluctuations in the multiplicities and momentum distributions of particles emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been widely considered as probes of thermalization and the statistical nature of particle production in such reactions [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The characteristic behavior of temperature and pion multiplicity fluctuations in the final state has been proposed as a tool for the measurement of the specific heat [7] and, specifically, for the detection of a critical point in the nuclear matter phase diagram [8].…”

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Fluctuation Probes of Quark Deconfinement

2000

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The size of the average fluctuations of net baryon number and electric charge in a finite volume of hadronic matter differs widely between the confined and deconfined phases. These differences may be exploited as indicators of the formation of a quark-gluon plasma in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, because fluctuations created in the initial state survive until freeze-out due to the rapid expansion of the hot fireball. 12.38.Mh Fluctuations in the multiplicities and momentum distributions of particles emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been widely considered as probes of thermalization and the statistical nature of particle production in such reactions [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The characteristic behavior of temperature and pion multiplicity fluctuations in the final state has been proposed as a tool for the measurement of the specific heat [7] and, specifically, for the detection of a critical point in the nuclear matter phase diagram [8].Although the hot and dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions is not directly observed at the critical point (if one exists) but rather at the point of thermal freeze-out where particles decouple from the system, certain features of the critical fluctuations were shown to survive due to the finite cooling rate of the fireball [9].We here draw attention to a different type of fluctuations which are sensitive to the microscopic structure of the dense matter. If the expansion is too fast for local fluctuations to follow the mean thermodynamic evolution of the system, it makes sense to consider fluctuations of locally conserved quantities that show a distinctly different behavior in a hadron gas (HG) and a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Characteristic features of the plasma phase may then survive in the finally observed fluctuations. This is most likely if subvolumes are considered which recede rapidly from each other due to a strong differential collective flow pattern as it is known to exist in the final stages of a relativistic heavy-ion reaction.Three observables satisfy these constraints and are, in principle, measurable: the net baryon number, the net electric charge, and the net strangeness. Here we will focus on the first two as probes of the transition from hadronic matter to a deconfined QGP. Because they are sensitive to the microscopic structure of the matter, their unusual behavior would provide specific information about the structural change occurring as quarks are liberated and chiral symmetry is restored at high temperature. Our proposal differs from recent suggestions involving fluctuations in the abundance ratios of charged particles [10] and in the baryon number multiplicity [11] in that we consider only locally conserved quantities. We also disregard dynamical fluctuations of the baryon density caused by supercooling and bubble formation [12].We consider matter which is meson dominated, i.e., whose baryonic chemical potential m and temperature T satisfy m & T . Our arguments will thus apply to heavyion collisions at CERN Super Proton Synchrotron...

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“…Recently first measurements of fluctuations of particle multiplicity [15,16,17] and transverse momenta [18] in A+A collisions have been performed. The scaled variance for negatively, positively, and all charged hadrons was measured as a function of centrality at SPS [15,16] and RHIC [17] energies.…”

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Multiplicity fluctuations in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions

2007

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We study the scaled variances of multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS and RHIC energies within the HSD transport model. The HSD results are compared with proton-proton data and with predictions of the hadron-resonance gas statistical model. We find that the HSD scaled variances ω i for negatively, positively, and all charged hadrons in central nucleus-nucleus collisions remain close to the ω i values in proton-proton collisions and increase with collision energy as the corresponding multiplicities per participating nucleon. The statistical model predicts very different behavior of ω i . However, a comparison with preliminary NA49 data for the most central Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energies does not permit to distinguish the HSD and statistical model results. New measurements of the multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions in a wide energy region with large acceptance are needed to allow for a proper determination of the underlying dynamics.Key words: nucleus-nucleus collisions, fluctuations, transport models, statistical models PACS: 24.10. Lx, 24.60.Ky, The event-by-event fluctuations in high energy nucleus-nucleus (A+A) collisions (see e.g., the reviews [1,2]) are expected to be closely related to the transition between different phases of the QCD matter. Measuring the fluctuations one might observe anomalies of the onset of deconfinement [3] and dynamical instabilities when the expanding system goes through the 1-st order transition line between the quark-gluon plasma and the hadron gas [4]. Furthermore, the QCD critical point may be signaled by a characteristic pattern in fluctuations [5]. In the present paper we calculate the multiplicity fluctuations in central A+A collisions at SPS and RHIC energies within the

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Event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

Cited by 152 publications

References 21 publications

Particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions within an excluded volume hadron gas model

Particle number fluctuations in nuclear collisions within an excluded volume hadron gas model

Fluctuation Probes of Quark Deconfinement

Multiplicity fluctuations in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions

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