“…Physiologically, the melatonin peak, temperature nadir, and cortisol peak all occur at an earlier time in morning-types compared to evening-types (e.g., Kerkhof & Van Dogen, 1996). In terms of personality traits, evening-types generally score high in extraversion (Díaz-Morales, 2007;Matthews, 1988;Randler et al, 2012) and in the dark triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, secondary psychopathology and exploitive narcissism; Jonason, Jones, & Lyons, 2013), while morning-types appear to be more conscientious and agreeable (Tsaousis, 2010), more cooperative with others (Díaz-Morales, 2007), more persistent in accomplishing their goals (Caci et al, 2005), and score higher in the personality meta-trait of stability (DeYoung, Hasher, Djikic, Criger, & Peterson, 2007). Evening-types also score higher than morning-types in impulsivity, novelty-seeking, and risk-taking (Caci, Robert, & Boyer, 2004;Caci et al, 2005;Killgore, 2007;Maestripieri, 2014;Muro, Gomá-i-Freixanet, & Adan, 2012;Tonetti et al, 2010).…”