Abstract:We study how different many body states appear in a quantum gas microscope, such as the one developed at Harvard [Bakr et al. Nature 462, 74 (2009)], where the site-resolved parity of the atom number is imaged. We calculate the spatial correlations of the microscope images, corresponding to the correlation function of the parity of the number of atoms at each site. We produce analytic results for a number of well-known models: noninteracting bosons, the large U Bose-Hubbard model, and noninteracting fermions. … Show more
“…Measuring the parities at different lattice sites and averaging over many experimental realizations allows to determine the parity correlation function [199] …”
Section: Fluorescence Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[199]. A multi-point generalization of the two-point parity correlation function F (−1) n (l 1 , l 2 ), a so-called string correlator defined by Eq.…”
Section: Ground State In the Case Of Commensurate Fillingmentioning
During the last decade, many exciting phenomena have been experimentally observed and theoretically predicted for ultracold atoms in optical lattices. This paper reviews these rapid developments concentrating mainly on the theory. Different types of the bosonic systems in homogeneous lattices of different dimensions as well as in the presence of harmonic traps are considered. An overview of the theoretical methods used for these investigations as well as of the obtained results is given. Available experimental techniques are presented and discussed in connection with theoretical considerations. Eigenstates of the interacting bosons in homogeneous lattices and in the presence of harmonic confinement are analyzed. Their knowledge is essential for understanding of quantum phase transitions at zero and finite temperature.
“…Measuring the parities at different lattice sites and averaging over many experimental realizations allows to determine the parity correlation function [199] …”
Section: Fluorescence Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[199]. A multi-point generalization of the two-point parity correlation function F (−1) n (l 1 , l 2 ), a so-called string correlator defined by Eq.…”
Section: Ground State In the Case Of Commensurate Fillingmentioning
During the last decade, many exciting phenomena have been experimentally observed and theoretically predicted for ultracold atoms in optical lattices. This paper reviews these rapid developments concentrating mainly on the theory. Different types of the bosonic systems in homogeneous lattices of different dimensions as well as in the presence of harmonic traps are considered. An overview of the theoretical methods used for these investigations as well as of the obtained results is given. Available experimental techniques are presented and discussed in connection with theoretical considerations. Eigenstates of the interacting bosons in homogeneous lattices and in the presence of harmonic confinement are analyzed. Their knowledge is essential for understanding of quantum phase transitions at zero and finite temperature.
“…As a consequence, the appearance of a number fluctuation on a given site leads to an enhanced probability to find a fluctuation on a close-by site. This behavior is captured in a two-site parity-correlation function [25,46] C p (d) = ŝk ŝk+d − ŝk ŝk+d .…”
Correlation functions play an important role for the theoretical and experimental characterization of many-body systems. In solid-state systems, they are usually determined through scattering experiments whereas in cold-gases systems, time-of-flight and insitu absorption imaging are the standard observation techniques. However, none of these methods allow the in-situ detection of spatially resolved correlation functions at the single-particle level. Here we give a more detailed account of recent advances in the detection of correlation functions using in-situ fluorescence imaging of ultracold bosonic atoms in an optical lattice. This method yields single-site and single-atom-resolved images of the lattice gas in a single experimental run, thus gaining direct access to fluctuations in the many-body system. As a consequence, the detection of correlation functions between an arbitrary set of lattice sites is possible. This enables not only the detection of two-site correlation functions but also the evaluation of non-local correlations, which originate from an extended region of the system and are used for the characterization of quantum phases that do not possess (quasi-)long-range order in the traditional sense. arXiv:1303.5652v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas]
“…In addition to the number statistics studied in this work, single-site imaging could be applied to study spatial correlations in strongly correlated quantum gases [33], and to directly measure entanglement in a quantum information context. The low defect Mott states we detect would provide an ideal starting point for quantum magnetism experiments; if the low entropy in the Mott domains can be carried over to spin models, it should be possible to realize magnetically ordered states such as antiferromagnets, which could be directly detected with single-site imaging.…”
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