Even carbon number predominance of plant wax n-alkanes

Reddy, Christopher M.; Eglinton, Timothy I.; Palić, Radosav; Benitez-Nelson, Bryan C.; Stojanović, Gordana; Palić, Ivan; Djordjević, Siniša; Eglinton, G.

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(00)00025-5

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The other species that are analysed exhibited a range of carbon isotope enrichment, which is typical of C 4 plants (Bendle et al, 2006), although some of the species like Z. pentandra showed a lower level of enrichment. In this study, the general isotope enrichment level of even-and odd-chain alkanes agrees with the finding of Reddy et al (2000), who reported that evenchain alkanes were depleted by about -1% compared to the neighbouring odd-chain alkanes. This may suggest that during the biosynthesis of n-alkanes (elongation of carbon skeletons) there is a differential carbon isotopic fractionation.…”

Section: Pc1supporting

confidence: 91%

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Evaluation of n-alkanes and their carbon isotope enrichments (δ13C) as diet composition markers

Bezabih

Pellikaan

Tolera

et al. 2011

Animal

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Plant cuticular n-alkanes have been successfully used as markers to estimate diet composition and intake of grazing herbivores. However, additional markers may be required under grazing conditions in botanically diverse vegetation. This study was conducted to describe the n-alkane profiles and the carbon isotope enrichment of n-alkanes of common plant species from the Mid Rift Valley rangelands of Ethiopia, and evaluate their potential use as nutritional markers. A total of 23 plant species were collected and analysed for long-chain n-alkanes ranging from heptacosane to hexatriacontane (C 27 to C 36 ), as well as their carbon isotopic ratio ( 13 C/ 12 C). The analysis was conducted by gas chromatography/combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry following saponification, extraction and purification. The isotopic composition of the n-alkanes is reported in the delta notation (d 13 C) relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard. The dominant n-alkanes in the species were C 31 (mean 6 s.d., 283 6 246 mg/ kg dry matter) and C 33 (149 6 98 mg/kg dry matter). The carbon isotopic enrichment of the n-alkanes ranged from 219.37% to 237.40%. Principal component analysis was used to examine interspecies differences based on n-alkane profiles and the carbon isotopic enrichments of individual n-alkanes. Large variability among the pasture species was observed. The first three principal components explained most of the interspecies variances. Comparison of the principal component scores using orthogonal procrustes rotation indicated that about 0.84 of the interspecies variances explained by the two types of data sets were independent of each other, suggesting that the use of a combination of the two markers can improve diet composition estimations. It was concluded that, while the n-alkane profile of the pasture species remains a useful marker for use in the study region, the d 13 C values of n-alkanes can provide additional information in discriminating diet components of grazing animals.

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Section: Pc1supporting

confidence: 91%

“…From previous reports, the d 13 C values of n-alkanes range between 230% and 240% for C 3 plants and 217% to 224% for C 4 plants (Reddy et al, 2000). The results of the present analyses largely agree with these ranges of values.…”

Section: Pc1supporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of n-alkanes and their carbon isotope enrichments (δ13C) as diet composition markers

Bezabih

Pellikaan

Tolera

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…CPIs were calculated independently for n-, iso-, and anteiso-alkanes. The anteiso-alkanes were primarily even-numbered, whereas the iso-alkanes had a predominantly odd-numbered distribution, which is similar to patterns previously reported (Kolattukudy, 1969;Reddy et al, 2000). cv M82 and S. pennellii had average nalkane CPIs of 10.4 ± 0.4 and 11.2 ± 1.3, respectively ( Table 1).…”

Section: Structural Traitssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The odd-over-even prevalence of iso-alkanes and even-over-odd prevalence of anteiso-alkanes is consistent with observations of branched alkanes from Micromeria plants (Reddy et al, 2000). Carbon preference indices (CPIs) were used to assess the odd-over-even dominance of each sample, as calculated after Marzi et al (1993):…”

Section: Structural Traitssupporting

confidence: 75%

Heritability of the Structures and 13C Fractionation in Tomato Leaf Wax Alkanes: A Genetic Model System to Inform Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions

2017

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Leaf wax n-alkanes are broadly used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental information. However, the utility of n-alkanes as a paleoenvironmental proxy may be modulated by the extent to which biological as well as environmental factors influence the structural and isotopic variability of leaf waxes. In paleoclimate applications, there is usually an implicit assumption that most variation of leaf wax traits through a time series can be attributed to environmental change and that biological sources of variability within plant communities are small. For example, changes in hydrology affect the δ 2 H of waxes via rainwater and the δ 13 C of leaf waxes by changing plant communities. We measured the degree of genetic control over δ 13 C variation in leaf waxes within closely related species with an experimental greenhouse growth study. We measured the proportion of variability in structural and isotopic leaf wax traits that is attributable to genetic variation using a set of 76 introgression lines (ILs) between two interfertile Solanum (tomato) species: S. lycopersicum cv M82 (hereafter cv M82) and S. pennellii. Leaves of S. pennellii, a wild desert tomato relative, produced significantly more iso-alkanes than cv M82, a domesticated tomato cultivar adapted to water-replete conditions. We report a methylation index to summarize the ratio of branched (iso-and anteiso-) to total alkanes. Between Solanum pennellii and cv M82, the iso-alkanes were found to be enriched in 13 C by 1.2-1.4‰ over n-alkanes. The broad-sense heritability values (H 2 ) of leaf wax traits describe the degree to which genetic variation contributes to variation of these traits. Variation of individual carbon isotopic compositions of alkanes were of low heritability (H 2 = 0.13-0.19), suggesting that most variation in δ 13 C of leaf waxes in this study can be attributed to environmental variance. This supports the interpretation that variation in the δ 13 C of wax compounds recorded in sediments reflects paleoenvironmental and vegetation changes. Average chain length (ACL) values of n-alkanes were of intermediate heritability (H 2 = 0.30), suggesting that ACL values are more strongly influenced by genetic cues.

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“…n-alkanes of higher plants (nC25 to nC35) are part of epicuticular wax layers and the waxes of needles from conifers. 19,28 n-alkanes with a lower molecular weight are characteristic for the car exhaust gases. The predominance of even n-alkanes is expected by pyrolytic decomposition of fossil fuels and burning.…”

Section: N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Organic Compounds Adsorbed on PM10 in the Air Above Maribor

Miuc¹,

Vončina

Lečnik

2015

ACSi

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Organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter above Maribor were analysed in 120 samples of PM10 sampled according to the EN 12341:2014 reference method. Organic compounds compositions were investigated together with the primary and secondary sources of air pollution. Silylation as derivatisation method was used for the GC-MS determination of volatile and semi-volatile polar organic compounds. Distribution of fatty acids, n-alkanes and iso-alkanes, phthalate esters, siloxanes, different sterols, various sugars and sugar alcohols, compounds of lignin and resin acids, dicarboxylic acids from photochemical reactions, PAHs, organic nitrogen compounds and products from secondary oxidation of monoterpenes were determined. The use of silicone grease for the purpose of lubricating the impact surface of the air sampler caused higher values of gravimetric determination. Solid particles may have been bounced from the surface of a greasy impact plate and re-entrained within the air stream and then collected on a sample filter. The carryover of siloxanes was at least from 5% up to 15% of the accumulated particles weight, depending on ambient temperature. This was the reason that the gravimetric results for determination of PM10 according to the standard EN 12341:2014 were overestimated.

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Even carbon number predominance of plant wax n-alkanes

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of n-alkanes and their carbon isotope enrichments (δ13C) as diet composition markers

Evaluation of n-alkanes and their carbon isotope enrichments (δ13C) as diet composition markers

Heritability of the Structures and 13C Fractionation in Tomato Leaf Wax Alkanes: A Genetic Model System to Inform Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions

Composition of Organic Compounds Adsorbed on PM10 in the Air Above Maribor

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