Evapotranspiration in Rain Gardens Using Weighing Lysimeters

Hess, Amanda; Wadzuk, Bridget; Welker, Andrea L.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001157

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, 50‐year climate simulations using DRAINMOD also largely underestimate the evaporative fraction of long‐term water budgets (Wardynski, Hunt, & Brown, ; Figure , orange box, lower left). This pattern is corroborated by Hess, Wadzuk, and Welker () and Wadzuk et al (), who reported that using Penman–Monteith tends to underestimate ET while using Hargreaves tends to overestimate ET. The yellow circles in Figure represent two cells where ET was estimated using Penman–Monteith.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Additional work is needed to more closely constrain annual ET estimates for swale systems before making long‐term performance projections under varying climate conditions. The most comprehensive work on ET in bioretention thus far has come from three weighing lysimeters with differing soil types (Hess, ; Hess et al, ; Hess, Wadzuk, & Welker, ; Hickman, ; Hickman, Wadzuk, & Traver, ; Wadzuk et al, ). Trials from Hess et al (, ) indicate that soil composition controls whether percolation or ET is a more important loss pathway over the long‐term (i.e., right to left I–ET axis on the triangle).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most comprehensive work on ET in bioretention thus far has come from three weighing lysimeters with differing soil types (Hess, ; Hess et al, ; Hess, Wadzuk, & Welker, ; Hickman, ; Hickman, Wadzuk, & Traver, ; Wadzuk et al, ). Trials from Hess et al (, ) indicate that soil composition controls whether percolation or ET is a more important loss pathway over the long‐term (i.e., right to left I–ET axis on the triangle). Using lysimetry, Denich and Bradford () reported summer ET rates of 4.2–7.7 mm/d in Ontario; Hess et al () reported average ET rates of 2.9–4.3 mm/d during the growing season and 1.5 mm/d in winter, with an annual ET of approximately 600 mm in Pennsylvania.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trials from Hess et al (, ) indicate that soil composition controls whether percolation or ET is a more important loss pathway over the long‐term (i.e., right to left I–ET axis on the triangle). Using lysimetry, Denich and Bradford () reported summer ET rates of 4.2–7.7 mm/d in Ontario; Hess et al () reported average ET rates of 2.9–4.3 mm/d during the growing season and 1.5 mm/d in winter, with an annual ET of approximately 600 mm in Pennsylvania.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional work is needed to more closely constrain annual ET estimates for swale systems before making long-term performance projections under varying climate conditions. The most comprehensive work on ET in bioretention thus far has come from three weighing lysimeters with differing soil types (Hess, 2014;Hess et al, 2017;Hess, Wadzuk, & Welker, 2015;Hickman, 2011;Hickman, Wadzuk, & Traver, 2011;Wadzuk et al, 2015). Trials Water budgets for three lysimeters in Pennsylvania (green), a pair of lined and unlined cells with underdrains from North Carolina (light and dark blue), measurements from two sets of undersized, unlined retrofits with underdrains in Ohio (pink), and two unlined cells from Nebraska with ET fraction estimated using the Penman-Monteith method (yellow).…”

Section: Detention Basins and "Dry" Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Eger

Chandler

Driscoll

2017

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using water budget data from published literature, we demonstrate how hydrologic processes govern the function of various stormwater infrastructure technologies. Hydrologic observations are displayed on a Water Budget Triangle, a ternary plot tool developed to visualize simplified water budgets, enabling side‐by‐side comparison of green and grey approaches to stormwater management. The tool indicates ranges of hydrologic function for green roofs, constructed wetlands, cisterns, bioretention, and other stormwater control management structures. Water budgets are plotted for several example systems to provide insight on structural and environmental design factors, and seasonal variation in hydrologic processes of stormwater management systems. Previously published water budgets and models are used to suggest appropriate operational standards for several green and grey stormwater control structures and compare between conventional and low‐impact development approaches. We compare models, characterize and quantify water budgets and expected ranges for green and grey infrastructure systems, and demonstrate how the Water Budget Triangle tool may help users to develop a data‐driven approach for understanding design and retrofit of green stormwater infrastructure.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detention Basins and "Dry" Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Eger

Chandler

Driscoll

2017

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Bioretention

2022

Green Stormwater Infrastructure Fundamentals and Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evapotranspiration estimation in rain gardens using soil moisture sensors

Hess

Wadzuk

Welker

2021

Vadose Zone Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rain gardens are increasing in use as the shift from gray to green infrastructure continues. Water that enters a rain garden is removed by three mechanisms: overflow to an outlet, percolation to the underlying soil, and evapotranspiration (ET) to the atmosphere. Despite the importance of ET in aiding a rain garden to recover void space during the time between storm events, it is not often measured or calculated because it is so difficult to do so. This paper explores the use of soil moisture sensors to estimate ET, since they are relatively inexpensive to purchase and install. Three rain garden weighing lysimeters in Villanova, PA, were used for this study. Over a 3-yr study period daily ET was calculated each dry day and summed during the time in between storm events >25 mm. The cumulative changes of soil moisture readings during the interevent time at three depths were compared with the concurrent cumulative changes in the lysimeter weight readings. Cumulative soil moisture change was found to be strongly correlated to the cumulative ET for the different lysimeter media and drainage types. Using the two soil moisture sensors at the top and bottom of the soil column provided a similar result to using all soil moisture reading depths. The best single soil moisture reading depth was at the bottom of the lysimeter. The ET estimates via soil moisture tracking performed similar to uncalibrated potential ET estimates, but not as well as calibrated ET estimates.

show abstract

Evapotranspiration in Rain Gardens Using Weighing Lysimeters

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Bioretention

Evapotranspiration estimation in rain gardens using soil moisture sensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About