Evapotranspiration – A Driving Force in Landscape Sustainability

Eiseltová, Martina; Pokorný, Jan; Hesslerová, Petra; Ripl, Wilhelm

doi:10.5772/19441

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The transformation of solar energy into latent heat reduces the ambient temperature and cools down the landscape. These relationships are well known and are supported by a number of field and experimental measurements (Monteith 1981;Kedziora 1987, 2007;Ripl 2010;Hesslerová et al 2013;Pokorný et al 2010;Eiseltová et al, 2012;Huryna and Pokorný 2009;Brom et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Functional attributes of the landscape surrounding the Temelin nuclear power plant (Czech Republic)

Hesslerová¹,

Pokorný²

2015

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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The aim of this study is to show the importance of permanent vegetation in landscape in terms of surface temperature. Indicators of key landscape functions (surface temperature, wetness, and biomass content) were monitored from May to September in five catchments with different vegetation covers. The analysis of Landsat satellite data illustrates that areas with a higher proportion of forest and wetlands provide a more balanced temperature-moisture regime throughout the growing season, reduce average and peak temperature, and enhance humidity. In these areas, solar radiation is transformed into latent heat, which leads to landscape cooling. This process indirectly leads to the reduction of soil erosion, loss of water, oxidation of organic matter, and nutrient export. A landscape characterized by a balanced temperature-moisture regime also has a higher ability to bind and retain pollutants. Artificial drainage and loss of natural wetlands are common across most of our agricultural landscapes. Drained fields have a low capacity to retain water, nutrients, and pollutants. Where cereal crops dominate, the temperature-moisture regime evolves through different stages. With the exception of the early growth, maturity and senescence are characterized by high average and peak temperatures, high temperature variations, and low humidity. As illustrated by the relationship existing between water electrical conductivity and cation concentration in relation to land cover, such landscapes have a lowered ability to retain chemical elements and pollutants. The sites that were object of our survey are situated within the emergency planning zone of the Temelín nuclear power plant, in order to demonstrate how our analytical approach may be applied to radiation risk management. IntroductionRetention of water and matter are important characteristics of the landscape, especially where some man-made hazards and risks may occur, i.e. the emergency planning zone (EPZ) of a nuclear power plant. Ripl (2003Ripl ( , 1995 described how plant stands and wetlands retain water, nutrients, other soluble matter, and suspended solids. Procházka, Brom, and Pechar (2009) demonstrated that the amount of discharged water and matter losses from a drained pasture are substantially higher than those from wet meadows and a forested catchment. Evapotranspiration (ET) reduces water discharge from soil. The amount of water evaporated from a given land surface can be an order of magnitude higher than an average water discharge. For example ET consuming 250 W m −2 corresponds to evaporation of 100 l s -1 km 2 . Consumption of solar energy by ET results in local cooling and can be monitored. Procházka et al. (2006) showed that ecosystems of low water and matter discharge had lower surface temperature than those of high water and matter discharge. In this article, we use surface temperature as an indicator of water

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Functional attributes of the landscape surrounding the Temelin nuclear power plant (Czech Republic)

Hesslerová¹,

Pokorný²

2015

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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“…22 Generally, allometric and taxonomic analyses of FCM data contribute to characterization of plankton assemblages. 23,24 Besides open oceans, documentation of standing crop of phytoplankton from different wetlands and their ecological factors have also been carried out throughout the world by various authors in North American Great Plains, 25 southern coastal areas of North America, 26 Eastern England, 14 Eastern Europe, 27 Southern Africa 28 etc. Wetlands are ideal habitats for phytoplankton, which act as nutrient sinks, ood control buffers and breeding grounds for aquatic fauna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton nutrient dynamics and flow cytometry based population study of a eutrophic wetland habitat in eastern India, a Ramsar site

et al. 2018

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“…Energy is transformed into latent heat, which cools down the landscape. These relations have been described and are supported by research and data measurements in the following studies (Monteith 1981;Kedziora 1987, 2007;Ripl 2003Ripl , 2010Hesslerová et al 2012Hesslerová et al , 2013Pokorný et al 2010;Eiseltová et al 2012;Brom et al 2012;Procházka et al 2009;Huryna and Pokorný 2010;Makarieva et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Surface Temperature, Wetness, and Vegetation Dynamic in Agriculture Landscape: Comparison of Cadastres with Different Types of Wetlands

Hesslerová¹,

Pokorný²

2014

The Role of Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Nutrient Cycling and Retention on the Landscape

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The aim of this study is to demonstrate and emphasize the importance of wetlands and permanent vegetation in an agriculture landscape. We compared functional aspects (surface temperature, wetness, and vegetation) of seven different cadastres (administrative units) in two distinctive regions in the Czech Republic. In terms of land cover, one is represented by heterogeneous mosaic, the other by intensive agriculture. Functional aspects were calculated for each cadastre and then within the region compared among themselves. The comparison was realized during the growing season, i.e., in the months of May to September.The study, based on Landsat satellite data assessment, confirmed that areas with a higher proportion of forest and wetlands can provide a more balanced temperature-moisture regime of the landscape throughout the growing season, low temperatures, and high humidity. In these areas, the solar radiation is transformed into latent heat which leads to landscape cooling, minimizing erosion, and loss of water, matter, and nutrients. In the landscape where crops dominate, temperature-moisture regime is characterized by high temperature and its amplitude and low humidity. The exception is the beginning of the growing season when the landscape is cooled by intensive crop growth. In periods of high stage of maturity or after harvest, the agricultural landscape is characterized by high surface temperature. At the end of this chapter, we present suggestions for sustainable management of agricultural landscape, which is represented by construction of wetlands.

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Evapotranspiration – A Driving Force in Landscape Sustainability

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Functional attributes of the landscape surrounding the Temelin nuclear power plant (Czech Republic)

Functional attributes of the landscape surrounding the Temelin nuclear power plant (Czech Republic)

Phytoplankton nutrient dynamics and flow cytometry based population study of a eutrophic wetland habitat in eastern India, a Ramsar site

Surface Temperature, Wetness, and Vegetation Dynamic in Agriculture Landscape: Comparison of Cadastres with Different Types of Wetlands

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