Evaporite karst of Northern Lower Michigan

Black, Tyrone

doi:10.1007/bf03175805

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Similar graben structures, although tens of kilometers long, have been developed in the salt anticlines of the Paradox Basin, Utah and Colorado, in which cores consist of salt walls up to 4 km high (Cater, 1970;Doelling, 2000;Gutiérrez, 2004). In northern Michigan, Black (1997) reported graben valleys around 0.5 km wide generated by interstratal dissolution of gypsum controlled by preexisting tectonic fault and joints. Similar features (Heuschkel Park sag, Spring Valley structure) have been also identifi ed in the Carbondale collapse center, Rocky Mountains, Colorado (Kirkham et al, 2002).…”

Section: Collapse Structures and Grabens Related To Interstratal Dissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating gravitational grabens related to lateral spreading and evaporite dissolution subsidence by means of detailed mapping, trenching, and electrical resistivity tomography (Spanish Pyrenees)

et al. 2012

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The active lateral spread of the Peracalç Range (Spanish Pyrenees) has developed on a Cretaceous limestone sequence around 250 m thick, underlain by tectonically thickened (~2.5 km) Triassic halite-bearing evaporites and clays. Outward expansion of the Triassic sequence by ductile deformation and probably halokinesis toward the debuttressed and unloaded front of the range has been accommodated in the overlying cap rock through the development of a striking horst and graben morphostructure. Fault scarps show anomalously high height to length ratios (aspect ratio; H max /L) compared to the values reported for tectonic faults. This retrogressive gravitational deformation has aborted a paleodrainage, expressed as wind gaps, hanging valleys, and defeated streams. The signifi cant vertical displacement component in this rock spread is attributed to subsidence caused by interstratal evaporite dissolution, as supported by the dissolution-induced collapse and graben structures mapped at the foot of the range. To our knowledge, the rock spread of Peracalç, covering around 4.5 km 2 and with a minimum volume of 0.9 km 3 , is the largest documented landslide of the Pyrenees. The excavation of trenches and the acquisition of electrical resistivity tomography profi les provided information on the thickness and subsurface structure of the graben fi lls, the age of the lateral spread (older than 45 ka), an unexpected episodic kinematic behavior of the gravitational faults, and the timing of deformation events, including slumping of lake deposits.

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Section: Collapse Structures and Grabens Related To Interstratal Dissmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating gravitational grabens related to lateral spreading and evaporite dissolution subsidence by means of detailed mapping, trenching, and electrical resistivity tomography (Spanish Pyrenees)

et al. 2012

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“…Dissolution of carbonate bedrock has produced karst features in the Lake Huron basin (Black 1983), with an extensive system of onshore sinkholes near Alpena, Michigan, and submerged sinkholes offshore in Lake Huron (Ruberg et al 2005, Biddanda et al 2006). This area is composed of Silurian-Devonian carbonate bedrock that contains an aquifer of limestone, shale, and sandstone matrix (Black 1983, Moreau 1983 (Biddanda et al 2006, Ruberg et al 2008. These environmental conditions cause the growth of large mats of bacteria and algae surrounding the groundwater vents that are different from surrounding lake communities (Nold et al 2010a,b).…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in Lake Huron are linked to submerged groundwater vents

Sanders¹,

Biddanda²,

Stricker³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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“…These depressions are controlled by active gravitational normal faults with vertical throws in excess of 1 km (Cater, 1970;Doelling, 2000;Gutiérrez, 2004). In northern Michigan, Black (1997) reports karst graben valleys around 0.5 km wide generated by interstratal dissolution of Middle Devonian gypsum controlled by preexisting tectonic faults and joints. In the Calatayud Neogene graben, northeastern Spain, Gutiérrez (1996) documented two collapse areas with highly tortuous boundaries covering 8 and 14 km 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Can flexural-slip faults related to evaporite dissolution generate hazardous earthquakes? The case of the Grand Hogback monocline of west-central Colorado

Gutiérrez¹,

Carbonel²,

Kirkham³

et al. 2014

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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A paleoseismological investigation of fl exural-slip faults related to interstratal evaporite dissolution suggests that such gravitational structures might have the potential to generate earthquakes with damaging magnitude. The Carbondale collapse center, in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado, is a morpho-structural depression of ~1200 km 2 where Miocene volcanic rocks are downdropped as much as 1200 m due to interstratal dissolution of halite-bearing evaporites. On the western margin of the collapse center, the debuttressing effect related to active evaporite dissolution drives unfolding of the steeply dipping late Laramide Grand Hogback monocline, accompanied by displacement on bedding-parallel faults. These fl exural-slip faults rupture unconformable Miocene basalts and Quaternary mantled pediments, generating conspicuous half-graben depressions bounded by antislope fault scarps parallel to the underlying strata of the monocline. Two trenches dug across fl exural-slip fault scarps developed in each stratigraphic marker (basalt cap, mantled pediment) revealed unexpected evidence of multiple late Quaternary faulting events (e.g., faulted colluvial wedge, sharp unconformities), with displacement-perevent values of ≥1 m. Three faulting events were inferred from the trench dug in the pediment (<32 ka, 32-28 ka, 5.6-1.5 ka), and four events from the trench sited in the basalts, all probably older than 20 ka. The probable length (~25 km) and downdip width (~7.5 km) of the fl exural-slip faults associated with the Carbondale collapse center suggests that they might have the potential to generate damaging "unfolding earthquakes" with moment magnitude (M w ) around 6.

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Evaporite karst of Northern Lower Michigan

Abstract: Michigan has three main zones of evaporite karst: collapse breccia in Late Silurian deposits of the Mackinac Straits region; breccia. collapse sinks, andmega-block collapse in Middle

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Investigating gravitational grabens related to lateral spreading and evaporite dissolution subsidence by means of detailed mapping, trenching, and electrical resistivity tomography (Spanish Pyrenees)

Investigating gravitational grabens related to lateral spreading and evaporite dissolution subsidence by means of detailed mapping, trenching, and electrical resistivity tomography (Spanish Pyrenees)

Benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in Lake Huron are linked to submerged groundwater vents

Can flexural-slip faults related to evaporite dissolution generate hazardous earthquakes? The case of the Grand Hogback monocline of west-central Colorado

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