Evaporative heat loss in Bos taurus: Do different cattle breeds cope with heat stress in the same way?

Pereira, Alfredo Manuel Franco; Titto, Evaldo Lencioni; Infante, Paulo; Titto, Cristiane Gonçalves; Geraldo, Ana M.; Alves, Ana Sofia; Leme, T. M. C.; Baccari, F.; Almeida, J. A. Afonso de

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.08.004

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The animal's ability to dissipate metabolic heat is decreased by rise in the ambient temperature and humidity. However, higher respiratory rate in cows under high temperatures relates to low tolerance to heat stress (Pereira et al 2014). This holds with findings reported by Cardoso et al (2015) that physiological parameters such as respiratory rate and body temperature, can be useful in determining tolerance to heat stress and adaptability evaluation in animals.…”

Section: Homeostatic Response By Dairy Cow Under Heat Stresssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The evaporative cooling in dairy cows is inevitable especially when the cows are under increasing high ambient temperatures (Hansen 2004). In addition, the relevance of sweating and pulmonary heat loss (ie that relays on the respiratory rate) which assist in heat dissipation in warm-blooded animals (Pereira et al 2014). The animal's ability to dissipate metabolic heat is decreased by rise in the ambient temperature and humidity.…”

Section: Homeostatic Response By Dairy Cow Under Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat tolerance level in dairy herds: a review on coping strategies to heat stress and ways of measuring heat tolerance

Thulani

Mpayipheli

Idowu

2019

JABB

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Tolerance to heat stress is worth noting considering the constant increase in the ambient temperature and high productivity that elevates the likelihood of heat stress in the dairy herd. Besides exposure to hot temperatures, increase in performance of dairy cows is positively related to heat load which results in heat stress. This necessitates the need to incorporate heat tolerance in the breeding objectives. Measuring heat tolerance is still a challenge and might be complex to assess in the dairy herd. Through regressing phenotypic performance of temperature-humidity index (THI), heat tolerance can be assessed. However, the use of the same THI across region might not be effective due to the differences within and among breeds in either same or different herds. The reason being the differing cow's (Bos taurus) adaptive and productive response to increasing THI value across different areas. There is vast information about the THI values from the tropics and the temperate regions, however, there is still a gap for THI values for semi and arid places under the pasture-based system. Understanding the coping strategies by the dairy cow to heat stress is important. Various studies have outlined much on the coping strategies but there is still a need to relate the homeostatic and acclimation responses to tolerance to heat stress. This review focusses on discussing the heat stress coping strategies in relation to heat stress tolerance and the ways of assessment in a dairy herd.

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Section: Homeostatic Response By Dairy Cow Under Heat Stresssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Homeostatic Response By Dairy Cow Under Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat tolerance level in dairy herds: a review on coping strategies to heat stress and ways of measuring heat tolerance

Thulani

Mpayipheli

Idowu

2019

JABB

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“…However, notwithstanding the sweating rate values are not high; they are similar to the Santa Ines breed. In this result, higher efficiency of water metabolism appears to be involved (Pereira et al, 2014). Another study with Morada Nova breed indicated a good ability to cope with the climatic changes of the Brazilian semiarid region as they presented low RT and RR (38.59 ± 0.58 • C and 42.26 ± 8.96 mov min −1 ) during hot days (Costa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Thermoregulatory response in hair sheep and shorn wool sheep

Titto

Verı́ssimo

Pereira

et al. 2016

Small Ruminant Research

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a b s t r a c tThis study's main goal was to evaluate the thermoregulatory responses velocity through the variation of rectal temperature (RT), related to the thermolytic pathways, respiratory rate (RR) and sweating rate (SR) among different sheep breeds. Ninety female sheep, eighteen of each breed: Santa Ines and Morada Nova (Brazilian hair breeds), Texel, Suffolk and Ile de France (wool breeds) were challenged during three non-consecutive summer days (22• 42 S, 47• 18 W, and 570 m of altitude, maximum air temperature of 33.5• C, average relative humidity of 52 ± 6.9%). The physiological variables were registered at 0800 h (T1), 1300 h (T2: after 2 h of shade rest), 1400 h (T3) (after one hour of sun exposure) and in the shade at 1415 h (T4), 1430 h (T5), 1445 h (T6) and 1500 h (T7) and a thermotolerance index (TCI) was calculated as (10-(T7 to T4)-T1). The statistical analysis was performed by a mathematical model including the fixed effects of breeds and time frames, and the interaction between these effects, besides random effects such as animal and day. The Santa Ines breed presented the lowest RT after sun exposure (39.3 ± 0.12• C; P < 0.05) and it was the only one to recover morning RT 60 min after heat stress (38.7 and 38.9 for 1300 h and 1500 h; P > 0.05). Hair breeds presented RR lower (P < 0.05) than wool breeds. Although thick wool or hair thickness differs among and within hair and wool breeds (P < 0.05), SR did not differ among breeds and time (227.7 ± 16.44 g m −2 h −1 ; P > 0.05). The thermotolerance index did not differ among breeds, but it showed similar response (P > 0.05) 45 min or 1 h of shade after sun exposure. One week post shearing is not enough to wool breeds present to show thermotolerance similar to hair breeds.

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“…This observation is also intriguing because it reveals that the two breeds from similar environments and with apparent phenotypic similarities employ different physiological pathways and thermoregulatory strategies. A previous study reported a predominance of sweating in some cattle breeds, while others were more prone to thermal polypnea during heat stress (Pereiraet al, ). Overall, Vechur was the most tolerant to heat stress, followed by Kasargode and SCB the least tolerant, and phylogenetic analysis revealed an independent parallel selection for this in the two DCB lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We found that RBC is significantly smaller in DCB as evidenced by reduced MCV. Thus, breeds of different sizes may have evolved in different niches which may, in turn, have determined their thermoregulatory patterns (Pereira et al, ). We illustrate that, continued genetic changes selected under heat stress would have resulted in reduced cell volume and subsequent body size reduction in DCB (Gutierrez‐Alonso, Hawkins, Cools, Shaw, & Fraaije, ; Rabouille & Alberti, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size does matter: Parallel evolution of adaptive thermal tolerance and body size facilitates adaptation to climate change in domestic cattle

Elayadeth-Meethal

Veettil

Maloney

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The adaptive potential of livestock under a warming climate is increasingly relevant in relation to the growing pressure of global food security. Studies on heat tolerance demonstrate the interplay of adaptation and acclimatization in functional traits, for example, a reduction in body size and enhanced tolerance in response to a warming climate. However, current lack of understanding of functional traits and phylogenetic history among phenotypically distinct populations constrains predictions of climate change impact. Here, we demonstrate evidence of parallel evolution in adaptive tolerance to heat stress in dwarf cattle breeds (DCB, Bos taurus indicus) and compare their thermoregulatory responses with those in standard size cattle breeds (SCB, crossbred, Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus). We measured vital physiological, hematological, biochemical, and gene expression changes in DCB and SCB and compared the molecular phylogeny using mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) analysis. Our results show that SCB can acclimatize in the short term to higher temperatures but reach their tolerance limit under prevailing tropical conditions, while DCB is adapted to the warmer climate. Increased hemoglobin concentration, reduced cellular size, and smaller body size enhance thermal tolerance. Mitogenome analysis revealed that different lineages of DCB have evolved reduced size independently, as a parallel adaptation to heat stress. The results illustrate mechanistic ways of dwarfing, body size‐dependent tolerance, and differential fitness in a large mammal species under harsh field conditions, providing a background for comparing similar populations during global climate change. These demonstrate the value of studies combining functional, physiological, and evolutionary approaches to delineate adaptive potential and plasticity in domestic species. We thus highlight the value of locally adapted breeds as a reservoir of genetic variation contributing to the global domestic genetic resource pool that will become increasingly important for livestock production systems under a warming climate.

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Evaporative heat loss in Bos taurus: Do different cattle breeds cope with heat stress in the same way?

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

Heat tolerance level in dairy herds: a review on coping strategies to heat stress and ways of measuring heat tolerance

Heat tolerance level in dairy herds: a review on coping strategies to heat stress and ways of measuring heat tolerance

Thermoregulatory response in hair sheep and shorn wool sheep

Size does matter: Parallel evolution of adaptive thermal tolerance and body size facilitates adaptation to climate change in domestic cattle

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