Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures

Stiver, Warren; Mackay, D.

doi:10.1021/es00129a006

Cited by 258 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Evaporation processes are linked to the wind velocity and the spill area. The evaporation rates are determined according to [17] by Equation (19).…”

Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling an Oil Spill along the Southern Brazilian Shelf: Forcing Characterization and Its Influence on the Oil Fate

Stringari¹,

Marques²,

Eidt³

et al. 2013

IJG

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Oil spills can generate multiple effects in different time scales on the marine ecosystem. The numerical modeling of these processes is an important tool with low computational cost which provides a powerful appliance to environmental agencies regarding the risk management. In this way, the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of a number of physical forcing acting over a hypothetical oil spill along the Southern Brazilian Shelf. The numerical simulation was carried out using the ECOS model (Easy Coupling Oil System), an oil spill model developed at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, coupled with the tridimensional hydrodynamic model TELEMAC3D (EDF, France). The hydrodynamic model provides the current velocity, salinity and temperature fields used by the oil spill model to evaluate the behavior and the fate of the spilled oil. The results suggest that the local wind influence is the main forcing driven the fate of the spilled oil, and this forcing responds for more than 60% of the oil slick variability. The direction and intensity of the costal currents control between 20% and 40% of the oil variability, and the currents are important controlling the behavior and the tridimensional transportation of the oil. On the other hand, the turbulent diffusion is important for the horizontal drift of the oil. The weathering results indicate 40% of evaporation and 80% of emulsification, and the combination of these processes leads an increasing of the oil density around, 53.4 kg/m³ after 5 days of simulation.

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“…Evaporation processes are linked to the wind velocity and the spill area. The evaporation rates are determined according to [17] by Equation (19).…”

Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling an Oil Spill along the Southern Brazilian Shelf: Forcing Characterization and Its Influence on the Oil Fate

Stringari¹,

Marques²,

Eidt³

et al. 2013

IJG

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show abstract

“…This expression for water evaporation was subsequently used by those working on oil spills to predict and describe oil and petroleum evaporation. Much of the literature follows the work of Mackay [7,8]. Mackay and Matsugu [7] corrected the equations for hydrocarbons using the evaporation rate of cumene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Evaporation Regulation Mechanisms of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Fingas¹

2012

ACES

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Various concepts for oil evaporation prediction are summarized. Models can be divided into those models that use the basis of air-boundary-regulation or those that do not. Experiments were conducted to determine if oil and petroleum evaporation is regulated by the saturation of the air boundary layer. Experiments included the examination of the evaporation rate with and without wind, in which case it was found that evaporation rates were similar for all wind conditions and no-wind conditions. Experiments where the area and mass varied showed that boundary-layer regulation was not governing for petroleum products. Under all experimental and environmental conditions, oils or petroleum products were not found to be boundary-layer regulated. Experiments on the rate of evaporation of pure compounds showed that compounds larger than Decane were not boundary-layer regulated. Many oils and petroleum products contain few compounds smaller than decane, and this explains why their evaporation is not air boundary-layer limited.Comparison of the air saturation levels of various oils and petroleum products shows that the saturation concentration of water, which is strongly air boundary-regulated, is significantly less than that of several petroleum hydrocarbons. Lack of air boundary-layer regulation for oils is shown to be a result of both this higher saturation concentration as well as a low (below boundary-layer value) evaporation rate.

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“…An evaporation system with constant boundary conditions will usually have a constant evaporation rate for a single liquid (one component) with respect to time (Stiver and Mackay 1984). In contrast to the linear evaporation of a pure compound, the evaporative loss of a mixture by total weight or volume is either logarithmic (approximately seven or more components) or a square root function (between about five and seven components) with time (Fingas 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon isotopic fractionation during vaporization of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (C6–C12)

et al. 2017

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Three series of laboratory vaporization experiments were conducted to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (LMWHs) during their progressive vaporization. In addition to the analysis of a synthetic oil mixture, individual compounds were also studied either as pure single phases or mixed with soil. This allowed influences of mixing effects and diffusion though soil on the fractionation to be elucidated. The LMWHs volatilized in two broad behavior patterns that depended on their molecular weight and boiling point. Vaporization significantly enriched the 13 C present in the remaining components of the C 6 -C 9 fraction, indicating that the vaporization is mainly kinetically controlled; the observed variations could be described with a Rayleigh fractionation model. In contrast, the heavier compounds (n-C 10 -n-C 12 ) showed less mass loss and almost no significant isotopic fractionation during vaporization, indicating that the isotope characteristics remained sufficiently constant for these hydrocarbons to be used to identify the source of an oil sample, e.g., the specific oil field or the origin of a spill. Furthermore, comparative studies suggested that matrix effects should be considered when the carbon isotope ratios of hydrocarbons are applied in the field.

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Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures

Cited by 258 publications

References 6 publications

Modeling an Oil Spill along the Southern Brazilian Shelf: Forcing Characterization and Its Influence on the Oil Fate

Modeling an Oil Spill along the Southern Brazilian Shelf: Forcing Characterization and Its Influence on the Oil Fate

Studies on the Evaporation Regulation Mechanisms of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Carbon isotopic fractionation during vaporization of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (C6–C12)

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