Evaporation-Rate Control of Water Droplets on Flexible Transparent Heater for Sensor Application

Park, Jaesoung; Lee, Suhan; Kim, Dong Ik; Kim, Young-You; Kim, Sam-Soo; Kim, Han-Jung; Kim, Yoonkap

doi:10.3390/s19224918

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is because the average evaporation flux of the droplet on the hydrophobic transparent heater surface is lower compared to that of the hydrophilic heater surface under the same conditions. 34,35 The average evaporation flux (J avg ) can be calculated using the equation below 36 i k j j j y…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in the figure, it was confirmed that the droplet evaporation time on the hydrophobic transparent heater surface was noticeably delayed. This is because the average evaporation flux of the droplet on the hydrophobic transparent heater surface is lower compared to that of the hydrophilic heater surface under the same conditions. , The average evaporation flux ( J avg ) can be calculated using the equation below where ρ, A , V , and d V /d t are the density, surface area, volume, and rate of mass loss of the droplet, respectively. The droplet evaporation time of the droplet on the hydrophilic surface is less than that of the droplet on the hydrophobic surface due to the greater surface area of the droplet with the hydrophobic surface and is shown in Figure S8.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental) as the previously reported our papers. 5,16,34,36 ■ ASSOCIATED CONTENT * sı Supporting Information…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Fluoropolymer-Coated Nanometer-Thick Cu Mesh Film for a Robust and Hydrophobic Transparent Heater

Kim

2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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To develop more effective optoelectronic devices with a transparent heater, it is necessary to investigate the droplet evaporation characteristics and wettability control on the heater surface. An optically transparent and hydrophobic amorphous fluoropolymer, Cytop, is spin-coated onto a nano-thick copper (Cu) micromesh-based transparent conductor to evaluate its performance for a high-durable transparent heater (a transmittance of 81.6% at 550 nm, a sheet resistance of 5 Ω sq −1 ). As the result, the thermal and chemical stabilities of the pure Cu micromesh-based transparent heater with the ∼80 nm thick Cytop layer improve without performance degradation. The evaporation time of water droplets on the surface of the hydrophobic transparent heater is noticeably delayed (about 60−130%) because the average evaporation flux of the droplet on the surface of the hydrophobic transparent heater is lower than those on the hydrophilic heater surfaces. In addition, unlike when the heater surface is hydrophilic, there is no coffee-ring effect when the heater surface is hydrophobic due to the recirculating Marangoni flow within the droplet. Further, the hydrophobic transparent heater surface exhibits excellent icephobic and antifrost properties. The results will be helpful for the further development of practical transparent heaters including self-cleaning smart windows, transparent actuators, transparent chemical and biological sensors, and transparent heating sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Fluoropolymer-Coated Nanometer-Thick Cu Mesh Film for a Robust and Hydrophobic Transparent Heater

Kim

2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…[ 401 ] Furthermore, Park et al conducted an interesting study on the control of the evaporation rate of water droplets on THs, which had previously not been reported. [ 402 ] Kim et al combined a fluoropolymer nanocoating and Cu grids for robust and hydrophobic THs, which is helpful for icephobic and antifrost applications. [ 403 ] Another important aspect for the industrial integration of emerging THs is the assessment of the mechanical, chemical and optical properties of the substrates.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes

Nguyễn

Papanastasiou

Resende³

et al. 2022

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Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical‐electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal‐based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal‐based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.

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“…Transparent heaters (THs) have been studied for multiple potential applications, including smart windows [1,2], defrosters [3,4], thermochromic displays [5,6], physical/ chemical sensors [7,8], and other advanced heat-generating systems [9][10][11]. High optical transparency and excellent electrical conductivity are two important factors for high-performance THs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper micromesh-based lightweight transparent conductor with short response time for wearable heaters

Kim

2021

Micro and Nano Syst Lett

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Thickness-controlled transparent conducting films (TCFs) were fabricated by transfer printing a 100 nm thick Cu micromesh structure onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) substrates of different thicknesses (~ 50, ~ 80, and ~ 120 μm) to develop a lightweight transparent wearable heater with short response time. The Cu mesh-based TCF fabricated on a ~ 50 µm thick PVA substrate exhibited excellent optical and electrical properties with a light transmittance of 86.7% at 550 nm, sheet resistance of ~ 10.8 Ω/sq, and figure-of-merit of approximately 236, which are comparable to commercial indium tin oxide film-based transparent conductors. The remarkable flexibility of the Cu mesh-based TCF was demonstrated through cyclic mechanical bending tests. In addition, the Cu mesh-based TCF with ~ 50 μm thick PVA substrate demonstrated a fast Joule heating performance with a thermal response time of ~ 18.0 s and a ramping rate of ~ 3.0 ℃/s under a driving voltage of 2.5 V. Lastly, the reliable response and recovery characteristics of the Cu mesh/PVA film-based transparent heater were confirmed through the cyclic power test. We believe that the results of this study is useful in the development of flexible transparent heaters, including lightweight deicing/defogging films, wearable sensors/actuators, and medical thermotherapy pads.

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Evaporation-Rate Control of Water Droplets on Flexible Transparent Heater for Sensor Application

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

A Fluoropolymer-Coated Nanometer-Thick Cu Mesh Film for a Robust and Hydrophobic Transparent Heater

A Fluoropolymer-Coated Nanometer-Thick Cu Mesh Film for a Robust and Hydrophobic Transparent Heater

Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes

Copper micromesh-based lightweight transparent conductor with short response time for wearable heaters

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