Evaporation from a tropical lake: comparison of theory with direct measurements — comment

Bultot, Franz

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(93)90208-q

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Simulated annual evaporation is 1690 mm y À1 and accords with the value of 1696 mm y À1 obtained by Bultot (1965Bultot ( , 1993 using the Penman formulation and a hydrological approach. Similarly, the calculated evaporation rate for the catchment (890 mm y À1 ) equates to observations and hydological estimates (890 mm y À1 ).…”

Section: Data For Lake Tanganyika and Its Catchmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For northern mid-latitudes in general, winter zonal mean aerosol turnover time is typically 4±6 days, whereas in the drier summers it is 6±15 days (Balkanski et al, 1993). Residence times of 5±10 days have been inferred from measurements of nuclear bomb-test radioactive species (Junge, 1963;Chamberlain, 1991) and 7±9 days from radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident (Cambray et al, 1987). Tropospheric Saharan dust is transported to the Caribbean and South America from Africa in 4±11 days (Carlson and Prospero, 1972;Talbot et al, 1986Talbot et al, , 1990Swap et al, 1992).…”

Section: Aerosol Size Distributions and Residence Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aerosols, atmospheric transmissivity and hydrological modelling of climatic change over Africa south of the equator

Tyson¹,

Gasse²,

Bouchet³

et al. 1997

Int. J. Climatol.

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Section: Data For Lake Tanganyika and Its Catchmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Aerosol Size Distributions and Residence Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosols, atmospheric transmissivity and hydrological modelling of climatic change over Africa south of the equator

Tyson¹,

Gasse²,

Bouchet³

et al. 1997

Int. J. Climatol.

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“…Our results, in particular, those that illustrate the nonlinear functional form of B with latitude, are useful for measuring/ predicting the energy balance of lakes globally because a number of methods (and models) use estimates of B to solve the energy balance and/or to estimate Q h or Q e . A constant B is used commonly in, for example, paleoclimate studies and also in simplified lake models (Bultot 1993;Blodgett et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes

Woolway¹,

Verburg

Lenters

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Heat fluxes at the lake surface play an integral part in determining the energy budget and thermal structure in lakes, including regulating how lakes respond to climate change. We explore patterns in turbulent heat fluxes, which vary across temporal and spatial scales, using in situ high‐frequency monitoring data from 45 globally distributed lakes. Our analysis demonstrates that some of the lakes studied follow a marked seasonal cycle in their turbulent surface fluxes and that turbulent heat loss is highest in larger lakes and those situated at low latitude. The Bowen ratio, which is the ratio of mean sensible to mean latent heat fluxes, is smaller at low latitudes and, in turn, the relative contribution of evaporative to total turbulent heat loss increases toward the tropics. Latent heat transfer ranged from ~ 60% to > 90% of total turbulent heat loss in the examined lakes. The Bowen ratio ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 and correlated significantly with latitude. The relative contributions to total turbulent heat loss therefore differ among lakes, and these contributions are influenced greatly by lake location. Our findings have implications for understanding the role of lakes in the climate system, effects on the lake water balance, and temperature‐dependent processes in lakes.

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“…The mean annual rainfall at the lake surface is 1090 mm year 1 but more than 2000 mm year 1 falls on the mountainous parts of the catchment (Bergonzini, 2002). The annual lake surface evaporation is about 1695 mm year 1 (Bultot, 1993).…”

Section: Hydrological Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride concentrations in Lake Tanganyika: an indicator of the hydrological budget?

Branchu¹,

Bouchet

2004

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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On a historical time scale, this paper investigates the effect of hydroclimatic variations on the surface water salinity of Lake Tanganyika, the largest African lake and an open freshwater reservoir. Through annual water and chemical budgets, based on original and bibliographic data, a tracer of the water regime is proposed. Chloride, an inert and conservative element, seems to be the best candidate although its contribution to salinity is small; its use as a tracer of the water regime is validated on seasonal and historical time scales. Seasonally, a monthly water and chloride budget, constructed for an average year has been compared with data acquired in 1973. On a historical time scale, bibliographic data of surface chloride concentrations, compiled since 1939 have been compared with the level variation curve. The relation between lake level and surface water chloride concentration is significant on both time scales. Hence, the surface salinity/chlorinity of this freshwater lake is sensitive to hydroclimatic variations even if level variations are very limited in comparison with its great depth. This sensitivity is due mainly to the permanent thermo-haline stratification of the lake.

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Evaporation from a tropical lake: comparison of theory with direct measurements — comment

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Aerosols, atmospheric transmissivity and hydrological modelling of climatic change over Africa south of the equator

Aerosols, atmospheric transmissivity and hydrological modelling of climatic change over Africa south of the equator

Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes

Chloride concentrations in Lake Tanganyika: an indicator of the hydrological budget?

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