Evaporation duct effects on sea clutter

Paulus, R. A.

doi:10.1109/8.102737

Cited by 85 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Electromagnetic wave propagation modeling and atmospheric refractivity environment estimation necessitate a parametric refractivity profile model [23]. The modified refractivity profile for an evaporation duct is usually simulated using the log-linear Paulus-Jeske model [2,6] as follows:…”

Section: Radio Refractivity Environment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…σ 0 denotes the backscattering coefficient of the ocean surface [24][25][26][27][28][29], calculated using the GIT model [2] in this work. The pattern propagation factor accounts for the effect of refractivity structure M and the pattern function of the transmitting antenna.…”

Section: Radar Wave Propagation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) Evaporation ducting environment M is modeled; that is, a parameter vector m of the evaporation duct M-profile is identified for retrieval. In this paper, the evaporation duct is simulated by the Paulus-Jeske model given by (2). Thus, the dimension of m is 1, containing only the EDH.…”

Section: Inversion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is created by rapid anomalous changes in the vertical atmospheric temperature and humidity gradients immediately above water masses [1,2]. Many nonstandard propagation events can be induced by this ducting condition, including over-the-horizon detection, radar holes where the radar is effectively blind and positioning failure [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modified refractivity profile of an evaporation duct is classically modeled using the log-linear Paulus-Jeske model [2,6], in which evaporation duct height (EDH) is the only parameter that determines duct strength. Various traditional methods have been used to determine the atmospheric refractivity profile; these approaches include "bulk" models with in situ measurements as input, microwave refractometers [7], LIDAR techniques [8], and many numerical weather prediction models [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Evaporation Duct Retrieval Using Changes in Radar Sea Clutter Power Versus Receiving Height

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-A method for retrieving evaporation duct height (EDH) is introduced in this paper. The proposed technique employs the changes in radar sea clutter power observed at different heights as input information. It identifies the EDH associated with the modeled clutter change pattern that best matches measured change patterns. The performance of the method is evaluated in terms of RMS errors in retrieving actual EDHs that range from 0 to 40 m. The comparison of the proposed method with the conventional clutter pattern matching method shows that the former more effectively retrieves actual EDHs.

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Section: Radio Refractivity Environment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radar Wave Propagation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inversion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaporation Duct Retrieval Using Changes in Radar Sea Clutter Power Versus Receiving Height

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Atmospheric Ducting and Beyond‐Line‐of‐Sight Communication

Dinc

Akan

2018

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Atmospheric ducts are caused by rapid decrease in the refractive index of the lower atmosphere, and they significantly alter the near‐surface wave propagation by trapping propagating signals. In this way, atmospheric ducts behave like a waveguide, and trapped signals can even propagate more than 1000 km in the ducting layer. Therefore, communication and radar systems can be adversely affected by the presence of atmospheric ducts. However, atmospheric ducts not only create interference, but also enable an alternative and promising way for communicating to extreme distances, also known as beyond‐Line‐of‐Sight (b‐LoS) communication. In this article, a comprehensive introduction to atmospheric ducts and their effects on near‐surface wave propagation as well as wave propagation modeling and possible utilization of atmospheric ducts for b‐LoS communication systems are presented.

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Evaluation of simplified evaporation duct refractivity models for inversion problems

et al. 2015

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To assess a radar system's instantaneous performance on any given day, detailed knowledge of the meteorological conditions is required due to the dependency of atmospheric refractivity on thermodynamic properties such as temperature, water vapor, and pressure. Because of the significant challenges involved in obtaining these data, recent efforts have focused on development of methods to obtain the refractivity structure inversely using radar measurements and radar wave propagation models. Such inversion techniques generally use simplified refractivity models in order to reduce the parameter space of the solution. Here the accuracy of three simple refractivity models is examined for the case of an evaporation duct. The models utilize the basic log linear shape classically associated with evaporation ducts, but each model depends on various parameters that affect different aspects of the profile, such as its shape and duct height. The model parameters are optimized using radiosonde data, and their performance is compared to these atmospheric measurements. The optimized models and data are also used to predict propagation using a parabolic equation code with the refractivity prescribed by the models and measured data, and the resulting propagation patterns are compared. The results of this study suggest that the best log linear model formulation for an inversion problem would be a two‐layer model that contains at least three parameters: duct height, duct curvature, and mixed layer slope. This functional form permits a reasonably accurate fit to atmospheric measurements as well as embodies key features of the profile required for correct propagation prediction with as few parameters as possible.

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Evaporation duct effects on sea clutter

Cited by 85 publications

References 3 publications

Evaporation Duct Retrieval Using Changes in Radar Sea Clutter Power Versus Receiving Height

Evaporation Duct Retrieval Using Changes in Radar Sea Clutter Power Versus Receiving Height

Atmospheric Ducting and Beyond‐Line‐of‐Sight Communication

Evaluation of simplified evaporation duct refractivity models for inversion problems

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