Evaporation beneath the soil surface: some observational evidence and numerical experiments

Yamanaka, Tsutomu; Takeda, Atsushi; Shimada, Jun

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19981030)12:13/14<2193::aid-hyp729>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 63 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This was hypothesized by [63]. For sandy (coarse-textured) soils, the VFR effect on the soil water evaporation rate increases with the thickness (δ) of the DSL as a linear function when δ < 5 cm but as a logarithmic function when δ ≥ 5 cm.…”

Section: Measured Vfr Effectmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Among the few studies, this overview selected four representatives (Table 1), including [22], [63], [67] and [68], to analyze advances and challenges in modeling Phase III soil water evaporation. Again, these representatives were overviewed in chronological order to highlight the continuous improvements of modeling techniques.…”

Section: Modeled Vfr Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yamanaka et al [63] set up finite-element PdV models for three 60-cm-long columns of fine sand, loam, and clay soils, and solved the models by the Crank-Nicholson implicit method [88] with Gauss elimination. The elements have a thickness from 0.5 mm near the surface to 10 cm at lower depths.…”

Section: Modeled Vfr Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Phase I and II, E tends to be maximal when total heat flux into the soil is greatest (e.g., seasonally in summer and daily at noon), whereas for Phase III, in contrast, E tends to be maximal when total heat flux out of the soil is greatest (e.g., seasonally in winter and daily at midnight). However, as pointed out by [26] and in my own research, due to wrong modeling premises (e.g., the traditional hydraulic functions are assumed to still be suitable for water potentials of <−1.5 × 10 4 cm) or insufficient and inclusive experimental (mostly laboratory soil-column) data, previous studies [22,23,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] primarily examined and reported dynamics of Phase I and II evaporation. For this reason, the features presented by those researchers are unlikely to be found at any sites under naturally dry conditions, where most of the time a top DSL lies over underlying moist soils and Phase III dominates the soil water evaporation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to date, few applications (including [76][77][78][79]) in very dry regions, where Phase III dominates the hydrology cycle most of the time, have considered the insufficiency of traditional hydraulic function resulting from prevalent soil air or film flow [80]. Among the typical studies of Phase I and II, [63] parameterized a PdV model using measured data on heat flux, soil moisture, and pore air humidity of a repacked Toyoura fine sand column, and then used the model to numerically examine the dynamics of DSL. The numerical experiment revealed that soil water evaporation mainly took place at the bottom boundary of and transiently occurred within the DSL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Vapor Flow Resistance of Dry Soil Layer to Soil Water Evaporation in Arid Environment: An Overview

Wang

2015

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaporation from bare sandy soils is the core component of the hydrologic cycle in arid environments, where vertical water movement dominates. Although extensive measurement and modeling studies have been conducted and reported in existing literature, the physics of dry soil and its function in evaporation is still a challenging topic with significant remaining issues. Thus, an overview of the previous findings will be very beneficial for identifying further research needs that aim to advance our understanding of the vapor flow resistance (VFR) effect on soil water evaporation as influenced by characteristics of the dry soil layer (DSL) and evaporation zone (EZ). In this regard, six measurement and four modeling studies were overviewed. The results of these overviewed studies, along with the others, affirm the conceptual dynamics of DSL and EZ during drying or wetting processes (but not both) within dry sandy soils. The VFR effect tends to linearly increase with DSL thickness (δ) when δ < 5 cm and is likely to increase as a logarithmic function of δ when δ ≥ 5 cm. The vaporization-condensation-movement (VCM) dynamics in a DSL depend on soil textures: sandy soils can form a thick (10 to 20 cm) DSL while sandy clay soils may or may not have a clear DSL; regardless, a DSL can function as a transient EZ, a vapor condensation zone, and/or a vapor transport medium. Based on the overview, further studies will need to generate long-term continuous field data, develop hydraulic functions for very dry soils, and establish an approach to quantify the dynamics and VFR effects of DSLs during wetting-drying cycles as well as take into account such effects when using conventional (e.g., Penman-Monteith) evaporation models. OPEN ACCESS

show abstract

Section: Measured Vfr Effectmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Modeled Vfr Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeled Vfr Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Vapor Flow Resistance of Dry Soil Layer to Soil Water Evaporation in Arid Environment: An Overview

Wang

2015

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Daily evaporation from drying soil: Universal parameterization with similarity

Brutsaert

2014

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With supporting experimental evidence from three separate field studies of daily mean evaporation from bare soil with vastly different physical characteristics, it is shown that the process can be described as isothermal linear diffusion in a finite depth domain. The resulting solution leads directly to similarity variables and thus a universal parameterization, which should in principle be applicable to most field soils. In addition, a closed form expression is presented to estimate the weighted mean diffusivity for exponential type soil water diffusivities. In this solution, the widely used square root of inverse time proportionality of this phenomenon is its short time version, whereas the exponential decay proportionality, proposed however by several authors for vegetated surfaces, is its long time version. It appears that in many situations the soil layer contributing to evaporation is fairly shallow and only a few tens of centimeters thick.

show abstract

The daily mean zero‐flux plane during soil‐controlled evaporation: A Green's function approach

Brutsaert

2014

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A solution is presented of the linearized Richards equation with inclusion of gravity and with appropriate boundary conditions describing the combined soil-controlled surface evaporation and the downward infiltration, following the application of a given amount of precipitation or irrigation. This solution is shown to agree with available field measurements, namely the evolution with time of the zero-flux plane depth and of the rate of soil-controlled evaporation from the bare soil surface. The problem is solved by means of the Green's function method; the result is general enough to be also applicable to flow problems in linear soils with boundary conditions substantially different from the ones considered herein.

show abstract

Evaporation beneath the soil surface: some observational evidence and numerical experiments

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Vapor Flow Resistance of Dry Soil Layer to Soil Water Evaporation in Arid Environment: An Overview

Vapor Flow Resistance of Dry Soil Layer to Soil Water Evaporation in Arid Environment: An Overview

Daily evaporation from drying soil: Universal parameterization with similarity

The daily mean zero‐flux plane during soil‐controlled evaporation: A Green's function approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About