Evaporation and Salt Movement in Soils in the Presence of Water Table

Hassan, Fawzia A.; Ghaibeh, A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100030008x

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…(10) for determination of K(h) was evaluated based on experimental data from Anat (1965), Willis (1960), Kumar (1999), Gardner and Fireman (1958), and Hassan and Ghaibeh (1977). While Anat (1965) contained all required data, D max was not provided for all other considered datasets.…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Anat (1965) contained all required data, D max was not provided for all other considered datasets. As both theory and measurements (Deol et al, 2012;Assouline et al, 2013) suggest that the DF depth can be commonly much smaller than the WT depth, we assumed D max % D (WT depth) for the experiments of Willis (1960), Kumar (1999), Gardner and Fireman (1958), and Hassan and Ghaibeh (1977).…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental data of Willis (1960), Kumar (1999), Gardner and Fireman (1958), and Hassan and Ghaibeh (1977) are shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: K (Or E) Cm/daymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Column-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimates in coarse-textured homogeneous and layered soils derived under steady-state evaporation from a water table

Sadeghi

Tuller

Gohardoust

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrology

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Effective hydraulic properties s u m m a r y Steady-state evaporation from a water table has been extensively studied for both homogeneous and layered porous media. For layered media it is of interest to find an equivalent homogeneous medium and define ''effective'' hydraulic properties. In this paper a new solution for steady-state evaporation from coarse-textured porous media is presented. Based on this solution, the evaporation rate represents a macroscopic (column-scale) measure of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at the pressure head equal to the maximum extent of the hydraulically connected region above the water table. The presented approach offers an alternative method for determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of homogeneous coarse-textured soils and a new solution for prediction of the effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of layered coarse-textured soils. The solution was evaluated with both experimental data and numerical simulations. Comparison with experimental data and numerical results for hypothetically layered soil profiles demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach for coarse-textured soils.

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Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Column-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimates in coarse-textured homogeneous and layered soils derived under steady-state evaporation from a water table

Sadeghi

Tuller

Gohardoust

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Fritton et al (1967) examined the difference of water and salt distribution in various soil types and evaporation intensities. Hassan and Ghaibeh (1977) studied evaporation and salt movement in the presence of a groundwater table. They deduced the relationship between pore water velocity and dispersion coefficient from evaporation flux by means of the variable thickness of sand and clay layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling reactive solute transport from groundwater to soil surface under evaporation

Nakagawa

Hosokawa

Wada

et al. 2009

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Two-stage soil column experiments involving capillary rise and evaporation were conducted to improve understanding of salt and water movement from groundwater to soil surface. In total, 64 soil columns were placed in a tank partly filled with water in order to mimic the groundwater table in soil. Each soil column was analysed by dividing it into 27 segments to analyse pore water and ion distribution in both liquid and solid phases after prescribed time periods. The water and solute transport behaviour in the columns was simulated by a one-dimensional numerical model. The model considers the cation exchange of four cations (Ca 2C , Mg 2C , Na C and K C ) in both dissolved and exchangeable forms and anion retardation for one anion (SO 4 2 ). The Cl is treated as a conservative solute without retardation. The numerical results of the cation distributions in both liquid and solid phases, anions in the liquid phase, and volumetric water contents were in relatively good agreement with the experimental results. To achieve a better model fit to these experimental results, a variable cation exchange capacity (CEC) distribution may be required. When a simple calculation scheme for evaporation intensity was applied, better predictions in terms of daily variation were achieved. The soil water profile displayed a steady state behaviour approximately 10 days after the start of the experiments. This was in agreement with numerical results and calculated distribution of velocity vectors. The final model includes cation exchange, anion retardation, and unsaturated water flow. Consequently, the model can be applied to study sequential irrigation effects on salt accumulation or reactive transport during major ion concentration changes in groundwater.

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“…Most studies of evaporation and solute movement in soils focus on describing the total evaporative flux from a land surface, determining what factors affect the rates of evaporation, and modeling the upward movement of sodium chloride in an effort to improve productivity and manage salinization of agricultural lands (Hassan & Ghaibeh, 1977;Burt et al, 2005;Rose et. al., 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation as a nutrient retention mechanism at Sycamore Creek, Arizona

McLaughlin

2008

Hydrobiologia

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Studies of nutrient cycling in streams have typically focused on patterns and mechanisms of retention because retention can result in temporary or permanent removal of biologically important nutrients. Biogeochemical studies of nitrate in stream ecosystems have focused primarily on biotic uptake and sequestration, while little is known about abiotic mechanisms of nitrogen retention. Evaporation is one abiotic mechanism that can contribute to nutrient retention with nutrients stored as precipitated solutes in sandbars. The objective of this study was to assess the significance of evaporation-driven nitrate retention in sandbars to reach-scale nutrient budgets at Sycamore Creek, Arizona. The vertical profile of chloride and nitrate evaporties were used as a tool to evaluate abiotic retention. I found that salts accumulated in surface layers (0-2 cm) of exposed sandbar sediments. Calculated evaporative retention rate was 0.7-5.4% of average rate of uptake by biota in the surface stream. However, the area of influence of these two mechanisms varies greatly. Taking into account this spatial and seasonal variation in areal extent of the surface stream versus exposed sandbar surfaces, evaporite formation accounted for 14.8% of retention in the study reach and up to 46.0% of annual retention compared to instream biotic uptake. Nitrate retention via evaporation is important because of the temporary disconnection of nutrients stored in sandbars to the surface stream delaying further biological processing until hydrological reconnection occurs.

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Evaporation and Salt Movement in Soils in the Presence of Water Table

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Column-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimates in coarse-textured homogeneous and layered soils derived under steady-state evaporation from a water table

Column-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimates in coarse-textured homogeneous and layered soils derived under steady-state evaporation from a water table

Modelling reactive solute transport from groundwater to soil surface under evaporation

Evaporation as a nutrient retention mechanism at Sycamore Creek, Arizona

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