Evalution of Phenolic Compounds in Brazilian Propolis from Different Geographic Regions

Abstract

Chemometrics has been shown quite efficient to uncover relationships between chemical composition of a sample and its geographical origin. Forty propolis samples originated from the the South and South East of Brazil were analyzed by HPLC and 18 compounds of interest were studied which included: caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and some of their derivatives, pinobanksin, a derivative of kaempferol and five phenolic compounds (assigned as 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA ); 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethnyl-2H-l-benzopyran (DCBE); 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA ); compound E (still unknown) and 6-propenoic-2,2-dimethyl-8-prenyl-2H-l-benzopyran acid (DPB). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated three different groups of propolis samples, having the same typical chromatogram, evaluated by HPLC. Samples from the South East group were rich in derivatives of kaempferol. Samples from the South group I had a high content of DPB compound, but a low concentration of kaempferol derivatives and of DCBEN compound. Samples from the South group II were characterized by a high concentration of DCBEN , DHCA , p-coum-aric and DPB compounds. Therefore, the identification of new compounds in Brazilian propolis can give useful information about the plant sources of a given geographic region.

Factors that influence the yield and composition of Brazilian propolis extracts

“…18 Although the six samples were collected during different months, over the period of one year, no variation was observed in the chemical composition 19 nor in the antimicrobial activity 20, 21 of samples of propolis from the Southeast of Brazil collected in different seasons. Therefore, although it was expected that the same basic composition would be found in the six samples analyzed, the results of each sample have been reported separately and the results compared only within each sample, for the sake of precision.…”

Própolis do sudeste e nordeste do Brasil: influência da sazonalidade na atividade antibacteriana e composição fenólica

“…O ácido 4-hidroxi-3,5-diprenil cinâmico (artepillin C) foi identificado como sendo um dos compostos majoritários neste tipo de própolis. De fato, vários trabalhos têm demonstrado que os compostos prenilados e os derivados do ácido cinâmico são as substâncias mais abundantes em amostras de própolis das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil 20,37,38 . Os cromatogramas obtidos pela técnica de CG-EM permitiram a identificação de um grande número de compostos distintos nos dois tipos de própolis analisados (Tabela 1).…”

“…Existe também outra classificação essencialmente quantitativa, onde é calculada a concentração de determinados marcadores químicos e a própolis é classificada em 3 tipos principais 14 . A composição química variá-vel da própolis é dependente da biodiversidade de cada região visitada pelas abelhas 13,15,16 e entre os compostos ativos da própolis os fenólicos, como os flavonóides, têm sido considerados como substâncias biologicamente ativas 1,17,18 , embora outros compostos também estejam envolvidos, como os derivados do ácido cinâmico e seus ésteres 17,19,20 e os diterpenos 18,21 . Estes diferentes tipos de própolis também apresentaram, conseqüentemente, propriedades biológicas distintas.…”

Fingerprinting of propolis by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry

“…For example, Clusia major and Clusia minor are indicated as the origin of the resins in Venezuelan propolis [4], whereas Baccharis dracunculifolia is the main source for green Brazilian propolis [5]. In temperate areas of South America, such as Chile, the composition is again similar to that of colder climates, with flavonoids being the most important components [6].…”