Evaluations of School Policing Programs in the USA

Brown, Ben

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71559-9_17

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recent reviews conclude that the use of SROs in schools facilitates an emphasis on punitive responses to and formal processing of offenses. Students are more likely to be arrested and referred to the criminal justice system when SROs are present (Brown, 2018;Devlin & Gottfredson, 2018b). Some studies (e.g., Na & Gottfredson, 2013) suggest that SRO presence results in harsher responses to minor offenses that would otherwise be handled by school administrators.…”

Section: Intended and Unintended Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of school resource officers on school crime and responses to school crime

Gottfredson

Crosse

Tang

et al. 2020

Criminology & Public Policy

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We examined the effects of an increase in school resource officer (SRO) staffing on schools in a sample of 33 public schools that enhanced SRO staffing through funding from the Department of Justice's Community Oriented Policing Services Hiring Program and a matched sample of 72 schools that did not increase SRO staffing at the same time. In longitudinal analyses of monthly school-level administrative data, we compared the treatment and comparison schools on disciplinary offenses and actions. We found that increased SROs increased the number of drug-and weapon-related offenses and exclusionary disciplinary actions for treatment schools relative to comparison schools. These negative effects were more frequently found for students without special needs. Policy Implications: The study findings suggest that increasing SROs does not improve school safety and that by increasing exclusionary responses to school discipline incidents it increases the criminalization of school discipline. We recommend that educational decision-makers seeking to enhance school safety consider the many alternatives to programs that require regular police presence in schools.

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Section: Intended and Unintended Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of school resource officers on school crime and responses to school crime

Gottfredson

Crosse

Tang

et al. 2020

Criminology & Public Policy

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“…Recent reviews of the effects of using police in schools conclude that SROs facilitate an emphasis on punitive responses to and formal processing of offenses. Students are more likely to be arrested and referred to the criminal justice system when SROs are present (Brown, 2018; Devlin & Gottfredson, 2018). Na and Gottfredson (2013) found that SRO presence results in harsher responses to minor offenses that would otherwise be handled by the school.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Effects of School Resource Officers Moderated by Student Race and Ethnicity?

Crosse

Gottfredson

Bauer

et al. 2021

Crime & Delinquency

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We examined whether effects of an increase in school resource officer (SRO) staffing on school crime and exclusionary disciplinary responses to school crime varied by student race and ethnicity. Using monthly school level administrative data, we compared change in outcomes for 33 schools that enhanced SRO staffing and a matched sample of 72 schools that did not increase SRO staffing at the same time. We found that increases in offenses and exclusionary reactions due to increased SRO presence were most evident for Black and Hispanic as opposed to White students. Educational decision-makers should carefully weigh the benefits of placing SROs in schools against the knowledge that this practice differentially increases recorded school crime and exclusion from school for students of color.

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“…In 2015–2016, 57 percent of all public schools and 72 percent of public high schools in the US reported having at least one security guard, SRO, or other law enforcement officer on site (Musu‐Gillette et al ). Although research has considered what these officers do and whether they are effective at preventing crime on campus (e.g., Brown ; Na and Gottfredson ; Nolan ), we know little about the explicit and implicit lessons they teach students. In other words, children across the US are exposed to police officers in a different context (schools) than students were a generation ago, and (for many) much more frequently (every school day)—yet we do not know how this exposure shapes perceptions of the law and law enforcement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Ambassadors: Student-Police Interactions in School and Legal Socialization

Kupchik¹,

Curran²,

Fisher³

et al. 2020

Law Soc Rev

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The recent influx of police officers into US public schools has reshaped the context and frequency of children's interactions with police. Yet we know little about how the presence of these officers in schools impacts the legal socialization of students, and whether youth of color might be affected or socialized in different ways than white youth. In this study, we analyze data from interviews with school police officers as well as focus group data from school staff, parents, and students that shed light on how school police interact with youth. In particular, school police officers discussed their desire to build relationships with students that instill trust in police among students. Officers discussed their efforts to teach students that police should be trusted and relied on, and that negative views of policing and involvement with the justice system are the result of a negative news media and individual citizens' criminality, respectively. Importantly, officers discussed how they devote particular attention to imparting these lessons on youth of color and others who may see police in a negative light. We consider how these outreach efforts, what we call acting as police ambassadors, might have different impacts on youth of color compared to white youth, given existing racial disparities in interactions with police.

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Evaluations of School Policing Programs in the USA

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of school resource officers on school crime and responses to school crime

Effects of school resource officers on school crime and responses to school crime

Are Effects of School Resource Officers Moderated by Student Race and Ethnicity?

Police Ambassadors: Student-Police Interactions in School and Legal Socialization

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