Evaluations of kinetic parameters and critical runaway conditions in the reaction system of hexamine-nitric acid to produce RDX in a non-isothermal batch reactor

Luo, Kuo-Ming; Lin, Sheann-Huei; Chang, Jih-Guang; Huang, Tzung-Huei

doi:10.1016/s0950-4230(01)00027-4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…RDX is considered one of the most powerful and brisant of the military high explosives. It is obtained by reacting white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) with hexamine, producing dinitromethane and ammonium nitrate as byproducts [5].…”

Section: Rdx C 3 H 6 N 6 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of homemade ammonium nitrate and fuel oil explosives charge shapes on blast wave propagation

Figuli¹,

Kavický²,

Ligasová³

et al. 2016

Int. J. CMEM

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The purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of geometry of charges on the propagation of blast waves. Various shape charges (cylinder, sphere, irregular shape) were used in the field tests. The main type of explosive, homemade ANFO (Ammonium nitrate + fuel oil), was used as the most common used explosives in improvised explosive devices used in terrorist attacks. Characteristics of homemade and industrially made ANFO explosives are different. There were comparing charges of various types of industrially produced types of explosives and homemade explosive in the field tests. The blast wave propagation were investigated and compared. Keywords: ammonium nitrate and fuel oil explosives, blast pressure, blast wave, blast wave propagation, field test.

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Section: Rdx C 3 H 6 N 6 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of homemade ammonium nitrate and fuel oil explosives charge shapes on blast wave propagation

Figuli¹,

Kavický²,

Ligasová³

et al. 2016

Int. J. CMEM

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show abstract

“…Synthesis of the explosive cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine, commonly known as RDX or hexogen or cyclonite, by reaction of hexamine with excess nitric acid is exothermic and known to exhibit thermal instability (Luo et al, 2002). The synthesis is often carried out in 100% HNO 3 at −20 • C (Singh et al, 1999).…”

Section: Example Ii: Synthesis Of Rdx In a Cstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard reaction enthalpy includes the enthalpy of mixing nitric acid and hexamine. From standard enthalpies of formation Luo et al (2002) found ∆H • (298 K)= −90.938 kJ/mol hexamine for the overall reaction (4), and this is the value we used in the computations. However, for the main reaction (5) ∆H • (298 K) = −153.318 kJ/mol hexamine for the reaction only, from standard enthalpies of formation.…”

Section: Example Ii: Synthesis Of Rdx In a Cstrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal instability and runaway criteria: The dangers of disregarding dynamics

Ball

Gray

2013

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Two exemplary exothermic processes, synthesis of nitroglycerine in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and synthesis of the explosive RDX in a CSTR, are used to demonstrate the dangers of ignoring the system dynamics when defining criteria for thermal criticality or runaway. Stability analyses are necessary to prescribe such criteria, and for these systems prove the presence of dangerous oscillatory thermal instability which cannot be detected using the steady state thermal balances.

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“…The complex reaction network can be described by the following simplified set of reaction equations (cf. [15] …”

Section: Process Description and Reaction Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the data provided in [14] are insufficient for deriving a temperature-dependent kinetic equation. Such an equation may be obtained, within narrow limits, from experimental evidence presented in [15], which is given in Table 3 along with conversion rates calculated using the equations stated below.…”

Section: Process Description and Reaction Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of the dynamic behaviour of an exothermal chemical reaction including data uncertainties

Hauptmanns

2008

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Evaluations of kinetic parameters and critical runaway conditions in the reaction system of hexamine-nitric acid to produce RDX in a non-isothermal batch reactor

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of homemade ammonium nitrate and fuel oil explosives charge shapes on blast wave propagation

Influence of homemade ammonium nitrate and fuel oil explosives charge shapes on blast wave propagation

Thermal instability and runaway criteria: The dangers of disregarding dynamics

Comparative assessment of the dynamic behaviour of an exothermal chemical reaction including data uncertainties

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