Evaluations of emotions: Distinguishing between affective, behavioral and cognitive components

Netzer, Liat; Gutentag, Tony; Kim, Min Young; Solak, Nevin; Tamir, Maya

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.038

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Given that two boredom beliefs-good or bad, and functional or not-were postulated from the literature review, the result of a three-factor solution may look surprising at first glance. However, our findings align with Netzer et al (2018)'s proposition that attitudes towards emotions are comprised of affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. Boredom functionality appears to be a behavioural component, which concerns the extent to which people recognize the functions of boredom, such as "Boredom motivates me to make changes or adjustments" and "Boredom allows me to distinguish things that are truly meaningful to me."…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lay Beliefs about Boredom: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Tam¹,

Tilburg²,

Chan³

2021

Preprint

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The present study developed and validated a 15-item self-report measure for boredom beliefs, the Boredom Beliefs Scale (BBS). We generated a pool of items on people’s lay beliefs about boredom from a series of qualitative interviews, and then administered it via an online questionnaire in Hong Kong Chinese (N = 231) and American (N = 498) samples. We identified 3 lay boredom beliefs—the extent to which people recognize the functions of boredom (boredom functionality), affectively dislike this emotion (boredom dislike) and normalize its experience (boredom normalcy). The 3-factor BBS was found to be measurement invariant across a two-week time interval and across the two cultural groups. Three subscales showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and meaningful relationships with emotion beliefs, emotion acceptance, and boredom proneness. Implications of the scale in clinical and educational contexts were discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lay Beliefs about Boredom: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Tam¹,

Tilburg²,

Chan³

2021

Preprint

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“…Other studies have shown that inducing positive beliefs about the functionality of specific emotional states (e.g., anxiety) or features (e.g., physiological arousal) promotes recovery from stressful situations (Low et al, 2008;Jamieson et al, 2010Jamieson et al, , 2012John-Henderson et al, 2015), and wellbeing (Chow and Berenbaum, 2016). The fact that negative emotions can be viewed as useful shows that people's beliefs about the functionality of emotion do not simply reflect how they want to feel (Chow et al, 2015), or how pleasurable they perceive certain feelings to be (Netzer et al, 2018). In general, then, valuing specific emotions, or specific features of emotion, tends to be associated with better outcomes than viewing them as dysfunctional (Brooks, 2014;De Castella et al, 2014;Veilleux et al, 2015;Crum et al, 2017;Ford et al, 2018).…”

Section: Lay Beliefs About the Functionality Of Specific Emotional Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lay Theories About Whether Emotion Helps or Hinders: Assessment and Effects on Emotional Acceptance and Recovery From Distress

Karnaze

Levine

2020

Front. Psychol.

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“…Thus, while beliefs about the experience and expression of negative emotion may not directly predict future depressive symptoms in early adolescence, such beliefs may predict future depressive symptoms via an indirect mechanism. For example, emotion acceptability beliefs have demonstrated associations with increased reliance on avoidance‐based emotion regulation strategies in adulthood (Harmon‐Jones, Harmon‐Jones, Amodio, & Gable, 2011; Sydenham et al., 2017; Tran & Rimes, 2017) and are purported to play a driving role in emotion regulation strategy use (Netzer, Gutentag, Kim, Solak, & Tamir, 2018). It may be that such beliefs indirectly predict future depressive symptoms in mid‐to‐late adolescence via an overreliance on emotion suppression and other avoidance‐based strategies as a means of downregulating emotion in order to achieve relevant goals (e.g., peer acceptance).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression predicts emotion acceptance beliefs in early adolescence: A longitudinal investigation

Harvey

White

McAulay

2021

British J Clinic Psychol

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Objectives Adolescence is a time period which confers significant risk for the development of psychopathology. There is increasing consensus within the literature that beliefs about one’s emotional experience are important and may present a unique risk factor during this time period. However, to date, there has been no longitudinal examination of the relationship between depression and specific beliefs regarding the acceptability of experiencing and expressing emotion in young people. Design The present study used a cross‐lagged longitudinal design with questionnaires completed at two waves spaced 8 months apart. Methods 506 participants (50.60% female) aged 12–15 years completed the Beliefs about Emotion questionnaire to assess for beliefs regarding the acceptability of experiencing and expressing emotions, and the depression subscale of the DASS‐21 to measure depressive symptoms. Results Greater depressive symptoms were associated with more negative beliefs about emotion at both time points. More negative beliefs about emotion at T1 did not significantly predict greater depressive symptoms at T2. However, greater depressive symptoms at T1 predicted significantly more negative beliefs about emotions at T2. Conclusions Greater beliefs about the unacceptability of experiencing or expressing emotions do not appear to predispose young people to depression. Rather, these beliefs appear to emerge following earlier experiences of depressive symptoms. Further research is needed over multiple measurement waves to further elucidate the relationship between emotion acceptance beliefs and depressive symptoms across adolescence into adulthood and whether such beliefs may predict future depressive episodes indirectly via difficulties in emotion regulation. Practitioner points Current findings suggest that more negative beliefs about emotion, specifically, beliefs about the unacceptability of experiencing or expressing emotions do not represent a key risk factor for the onset of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Rather, current evidence suggests these beliefs emerge following depressive symptoms. Given these findings, universal prevention programmes targeting valuation beliefs regarding emotion acceptability are less likely to be effective for this developmental age group. It is important to assess for beliefs that an individual may hold regarding their emotional states alongside symptoms, as these beliefs are associated with greater clinical severity of depressive symptoms. Further research, over multiple measurement waves, is needed to clarify whether emotion acceptability beliefs may predict future depressive episodes indirectly via difficulties in emotion regulation.

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Evaluations of emotions: Distinguishing between affective, behavioral and cognitive components

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Lay Beliefs about Boredom: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Lay Beliefs about Boredom: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

Lay Theories About Whether Emotion Helps or Hinders: Assessment and Effects on Emotional Acceptance and Recovery From Distress

Depression predicts emotion acceptance beliefs in early adolescence: A longitudinal investigation

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